Gopo Prichard Beyond Bill Of Rights

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no federal court may try a case in which a state is being sued by a citizen of another state or of a foreign country

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Eleventh Amendment

Front 2

changed the electoral college procedure for choosing a President, calling for separate ballots

Back 2

Twelfth Amendment

Front 3

abolished slavery

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Thirteenth Amendment

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defined citizenship, granting it to black Americans

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Fourteenth Amendment

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established black American voting rights

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Fifteenth Amendment

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authorized the federal income tax

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Sixteenth Amendment

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allowed direct election of Senators by popular vote

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Seventeenth Amendment

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established Prohibition

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Eighteenth Amendment

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Women gain voting rights

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Nineteenth Amendment

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shortened the waiting period between the election and the inauguration of the President

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Twentieth Amendment

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repeal of Prohibition

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Twenty-first Amendment

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limits on Presidential terms to two elections and a maximum of 10 years

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Twenty-second Amendment

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gave residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote in Presidential elections

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Twenty-third Amendment

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prohibited using the poll tax to deny voting rights in federal elections

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Twenty-fourth Amendment

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deals with filling vacancies of the Vice-President and when the President is too ill to serve

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Twenty-fifth Amendment

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lowered the voting age requirement to 18 years of age

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Twenty-sixth Amendment

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proposal for increase in Congressional salaries must be interrupted by an election year

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Twenty-seventh Amendment

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separate by equal

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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overturned the separate by equal doctrine

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Brown v. Boaard of Education

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requires employers to recruit women and minorities in order to achieve racial and sexual balance

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affirmative action

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demographic group never excluded from voting

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white, landowning males

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organization founded in 1909 to advance civil rights through the legal system

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NAACP

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refers to treating all citizens equally under the law and having equality of opportunity

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Civil Rights

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extended guarantees of due process of law with state governments as well as federal

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Fourteenth Amendment

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established that blacks were not citizens

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

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Supreme Court case establishing the test for incorporating the Bill of Rights to the state governments

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Palko v. Connecticut

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Supreme court case involving the violation of substantive due process and liberty interests

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Roe v. Wade

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requires schools receiving federal funding to provide male and female students equal opportunities in instruction and activities

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Title IX of the Education Act of 1972

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the year in which the supreme court ruled for the first time that a law based on classification by sex violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

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1973

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men but not women are required to register for the draft

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example of a federal law not found unconstitutional based on sex discrimination