Goods And Services

Front 1

decisions at operational level

Back 1

decisions are routine and structured with predetermined rules. they are made hourly, daily, and weekly. Focus is on internal operations, efficiency, day-to-day operations

Front 2

decsions at tactical level

Back 2

decisions are semi-structured, "how to" decisions, focus is on using resources of organization to meet strategic goals.

Front 3

decisions at executive level

Back 3

decisions are very unstructured, no rules, non-routine, and complex, "what to do" decisions, can make or break

Front 4

management by exception

Back 4

looks for deviations, aviods information overload, utilizes reports that highlight predetermined deviations, allows a manager to focusz

Front 5

Data mining

Back 5

information analysis tool, Allows for automatic discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

Front 6

RFID

Back 6

barcodes on steroids, uses microchip to replace bar codes-for tracking tasks, transceiver uses radio waves to read tag, tags at like small database and has small microchip and antenna

Front 7

active tag

Back 7

type of RFID, constantly emits and signal and has internal battery

Front 8

passive tag

Back 8

type of RFID, smaller and has no source of power, must be activated with a transceiver to read, cheap

Front 9

data warehouse

Back 9

integrates multiple databases, built by large organizations, needs to be easily updated,Allows managers to drill down to detail or rollup to summarize,To put key information for decisions into the hands of more people

Front 10

EDI (Electronic data interchange)

Back 10

A form of electronic commerce involving the use of telecommunications technology to transfer business information between organizations

Front 11

operational managers

Back 11

closest to the customer, day to day decsions, scope:narrow, time span:recent past and near future, source:internal

Front 12

tactical managers

Back 12

how to decsions, scope:middle, time span:middle,

Front 13

strategic manager

Back 13

what to do decisions, complex and nonroutine, scope:broad, time span:5-10 years

Front 14

CRM software

Back 14

designed to help serve customers better, learn more about customers, and track activity for marketing and sales.These systems concentrate on the downstream information flows. Integrates the value chain of a company with its customers

Front 15

bleeding edge

Back 15

describes the adverse effects associated with the company that pioneers new technology and incurs increased costs instead of profits

Front 16

legacy system

Back 16

Tend to be stand-alone applications. Usually linked to a specific functional area of the organization. Not designed to communicate with other systems and functional areas in the organization. Usually older systems. Islands of information are created.

Front 17

upstream information flows

Back 17

information received by an organization from another organization upstream such as a supplier

Front 18

downstream information flows

Back 18

information produced by a company and sent to another organization downstream such as a customer or distributor

Front 19

Expert System (ES)

Back 19

This IS uses reasoning methods to provide advice and recommendations
•System asks questions; then the user’s answer to the question determines the next question (thus a customized line of questioning evolves)
–this type of questioning is called an “inferencing process” where facts are matched to rules. Rules are programmed If-thenstatements

Front 20

inferencing

Back 20

where facts are matched with rules

Front 21

Decision Support System

Back 21

Used to solve complex, semi-structured and unstructured (“how-to”) decisions
•Primarily used by tactical (middle) managers
•Not passive; DSSs are interactivedecision aids
–Excel is an example of an inexpensive DSS
–Inputs: formulas and historical data
–Outputs: graphs and text used by tactical managers

Front 22

Executive Information System

Back 22

Designed to support strategic managers
•Creates easy access to internal and external data
•System should be easy to use with drill-down ability
•Used for crisis management, labor relations; also to monitor stock prices, economy, govt. regs, industry news
•Inputs: data from a TPS or other database (external data)
•Outputs: summary reports and trends; a few ratios

Front 23

Transaction Processing System

Back 23

Processes large volumes of data
•These systems are expensive to set up
•However, Labor costs are significantly decreased
•3 goals of a TPS
–Improved Accuracy
–Improved Efficiencyby automating the repetitive
–Lower Costs (b/c system decreases the # of people)
Cash Register or POS
–Order entry systems
–ATMs
–Purchase Order Systems
–Accounting Systems (payroll

Front 24

what is the main objective of enterprise systems

Back 24

The main objective of these systems is to create competitive advantageby
–Streamlining business activities WITHINand OUTSIDEan organization or company

Front 25

what does "flat" organization mean?

Back 25

decrease middle management and replace with technology

Front 26

how did the role of information systems change in the late 70s and early 80s?

Back 26

Information Systems are increasingly being used for strategic improvement; to gain competitive advantage;
–77% of IT executives view IT systems as strategic investments that add value to an organization;

Front 27

What is a major drawback to a legacy system?

Back 27

Information can’t flow from one activity to another AUTOMATICALLY;
•―islands of information‖ are created
–These systems become very inefficient
•Inaccuracies can occur when data output from one system is input into another or when one system is updated and another is not
**Drawbacks create a need for ERP systems

Front 28

what are two main objectives of CRM software applications

Back 28

attract potential customers, create customer loyalty and profiles

Front 29

CRM focuses on what information flow

Back 29

downstream

Front 30

pyramid organizatioinal structure

Back 30

consist of the strategical, tactical, and opertaional decision making levels

Front 31

matrix organizational structure

Back 31

flexible not hierachical structure, distributes leadership by project, product, or discipline, employee has two bosses

Front 32

what conditions must be present for an IS to be considered an SIS; for sucess?

Back 32

Serve an organizational goal (be part of a strategic plan) rather than just provide information; Top management should be involved (entire corporate effort, not just an IT dept project)

Front 33

best practices

Back 33

These are an industry’s high standards or best way for certain business processes to be performed in a particular industry