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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Value Theory |
Sub-area of ethics, attempts to answer questions about happiness and the good life |
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Two senses of happiness |
1. Happiness as a psychological notion: state of mind (instantaneous) 2. Happiness as a well-being: a value judgement (life overall) |
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For psychological notions |
1. Happiness as pleasure 2. Happiness as virtue 3. Happiness as desire satisfaction 4. Happiness as life satisfaction |
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Four types of pleasure (Hurka) |
1. Simple pleasures that are discrete (food/sex) 2. Simple pleasures that are pervade consciousness (good mood) 3. Pleasures that with particular object (job/partner) 4. Pleasures that with extended object (life) |
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Pure pleasures (Hurka) |
Cannot exist, all pleasures are derived from happiness |
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Pleasures better than others (from all theorist) |
Hurka- all pleasures are intertwined Bentham- all pleasures are equal Mill- pleasures that (intellectual) are better |
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Pleasure best at promoting others (Hurka) |
Simple pleasures that are discrete |
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Pro/con to pursuing physical pleasures |
Pro: most obvious and obtainable way Con: short-lasting, associated with pain, does least to promote other pleasures |
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Pro/con to pursuing pleasures that |
Pro: Con: may not give happiness, feeling is short lived |
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Adaption to change mechanism |
Limits our opportunity for lasting pleasure (money) |
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Flow |
Special kind of enjoyment in activities |
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Hedonic treadmill |
?? |
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Hedonism (two requirements) |
1. Happiness is nothing more than an experience of pleasure 2. Happiness/pleasure is the only intrinsic value |
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Psychological hedonism |
An account of human motivation, we are motivated by pleasure and seek to maximize overall experience of pleasure |
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Emotional state theory |
Happiness = a good mood |
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Desire satisfaction theory |
Happiness = getting what you want |
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Life satisfaction theory |
Happiness = life satisfaction |
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Is Hurka a hedonist |
No, he does find happiness and pleasure to be the same thing but he does not think it is the only intrinsic value |
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Epicurean hedonism |
Eliminate unnecessary desires |
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Epicurean limits to happiness+solution |
1. Fear of the future: future will not occur if happiness is not achieved 2. Fear of death: non existence, did not fear pre-life 3. Fear of the gods: exist on a different plane |
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Vitrano position on hedonism |
?? |
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Utilitarian |
Maximize the overall happiness for the greatest number of people |
