Gonstead Methods

Front 1

PI and AS determined how?

Back 1

By ilium height comparison

Front 2

Which has a larger height measurement?
Which has a smaller height measurement?

Back 2

PI has a larger height measurement
AS has a smaller height measurement

Front 3

IN and EX are determined how?

Back 3

By ilium width measurements

Front 4

Which has a larger width measurement?
Which has a smaller width measurement?

Back 4

IN has a larger width measurement
EX has a smaller width measurement

Front 5

Posterior sacral rotation is measured how?

Back 5

From S2 to lateral most aspect of sacral ala, the larger side being the side of posteriority

Front 6

The EX side will rotate toward or away from the dot in the center of the symphysis pubis?

Back 6

EX will rotate toward the line drawn perpendicular to the horizontal sacral plane line

Front 7

The IN side will rotate toward or away from the dot in the center of the symphysis pubis?

Back 7

IN will rotate away from the line drawn perpendicular to the horizontal sacral plane

Front 8

Femur Head Height
MD: refers to what?
AD: refers to what?

Back 8

MD: measured distance
AD: actual distance

Front 9

The distance that would result after pelvic rotational corrections have been made

Back 9

Actual distance

Front 10

What listings will have lower femur head heights?

Back 10

PI and EX ilium

Front 11

What listings will raise femur head heights?

Back 11

AS and IN ilium

Front 12

What is the 5/2 Rule?

Back 12

For every (5) millimeters of AS or IN correction, the femur head will lower 2 millimeters.

For every (5) millimeters of PI or EX correction, the femur will raise 2 millimeters

Front 13

What are the (5) Basic Principles for the use of heel lifts?

Back 13

1. The anatomical distance exceeds 6 millimeters
2. The lumbar scoliosis and vertebral body rotation is to the same side as leg length deficiency
3. There are no major malformations or osteoarthritic changes present
4. The patient is neither too old nor too young
5. Lifestyle and probably compliance of the patient

Front 14

What determines the final decision in regards the heel lifts?

Back 14

The final decision depends on what part of the leg deficiency plays in the patient's postural dysfunction and what benefits may be derived

Front 15

In an AS ilium, the innominate is?

Back 15

Shorter

Front 16

In an AS ilium, the obturator foramen is?

Back 16

Projected smaller

Front 17

In an AS ilium, what would describe the lordosis?

Back 17

Decreased

Front 18

In an AS ilium, the femur head level is?

Back 18

Raised

Front 19

In an AS ilium, edema occurs where?

Back 19

At the posterior-inferior and anterior-superior margins of the sacroiliac joints

Front 20

In an AS ilium, what happens to the sacrum?

Back 20

The sacrum is posterior on the involved side

Front 21

In a PI ilium, the innominate is?

Back 21

Longer

Front 22

In a PI ilium, the obturator foramen is?

Back 22

Larger

Front 23

In a PI ilium, how would you describe the lordosis?

Back 23

Increased

Front 24

In a PI ilium, what happens to the femur head level?

Back 24

Lowers

Front 25

In a PI ilium, edema occurs where?

Back 25

Posterior-superior and anterior-inferior margins of the sacroiliac joints

Front 26

In an EX ilium, the ilium appears?

Back 26

Narrower

Front 27

In an EX ilium, the obturator foramen is?

Back 27

Wider at the base

Front 28

In an EX ilium, what happens to the lumbar lordosis?

Back 28

Increased

Front 29

In an EX ilium, the femur head level is?

Back 29

Lowered

Front 30

In an EX ilium, edema occurs where?

Back 30

At the posterior margin of the sacroiliac joint

Front 31

In an EX ilium, what happens to the foot?

Back 31

Foot will flare inward

Front 32

In an IN ilium, the ilium appears?

Back 32

Wider

Front 33

In an IN ilium, the obturator foramen appears how?

Back 33

Narrower at the base

Front 34

In an IN ilium, what happens to the lumbar lordosis?

Back 34

Decreased

Front 35

In an IN ilium, the femur head level is?

Back 35

Raised

Front 36

In an IN ilium, edema occurs where?

Back 36

Anterior margin of the sacroiliac joint

Front 37

In an IN ilium, what happens to the foot?

Back 37

Foot will flare outwards

Front 38

EX ilium pull move

Back 38

1. Involved side DOWN
2. Pisiform on lateral PSIS

Front 39

IN ilium pull move

Back 39

1. Involved side UP
2. Distal finger pads on medial PSIS

Front 40

EX ilium push move

Back 40

1. Involved side up
2. Pisiform on inferior, lateral PSIS
3. Use superior torque

Front 41

IN ilium push move

Back 41

1. Involved side up
2. Pisiform on medial PSIS

Front 42

Posterior Rotation of Sacrum (R or L) involved side up

Back 42

PP: side posture, involved side up
Contact: on sacrum, just medial to PSIS use thenar
LOD: P-A, M-L; thrust through plane line of SI joint

Front 43

Posterior Rotation of Sacrum (R or L) involved side down

Back 43

PP: Side posture, involved side down
Contact: on sacrum, just lateral to sacral midline, use pisiform
LOD: P-A, M-L; thrust through plane line of SI joint

Front 44

Adding torque will correct for what?

Back 44

Inferior rotation, PI-L or PI-R listings

Front 45

Posterior Sacral Base

Back 45

PP: side posture, either side up
Contact: S1 tubercle, use pisiform, with fingers running at 45°
LOD: P-A through plane line of LS joints

Front 46

Clarence Gonstead was raised where?

Back 46

Wisconsin

By his father on a dairy farm

Front 47

What did Clarence Gonstead suffer from?

Back 47

Rheumatoid arthritis

His chiro, Dr. Olsen, cared for him and inspired him to be a chiropractor

Front 48

Gonstead graduated from where?

Back 48

Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1923

He returned to Dr. Olsen's office in Wisconsin

Front 49

Where did Gonstead open his first office?

Back 49

Mt. Horeb Wisconsin in 1924 over a bank building

Front 50

Gonstead was one of the first chiropractors to utilize what?

Back 50

Radiogarphs and fluoroscopy

Front 51

Where did he go after he graduated? What did he do there?

Back 51

Lincoln Chiropractic Collegen in Indiana

He performed studies on human cadaver spines to help him understand the functional anatomy and biomechanics of the spine

His keen interest in the engineering field aided him

Front 52

What is the Gonstead theory based on?

Back 52

The theory of that dysfunction in one area of the spine can cause both biomechanical and neurophysiological dysfunction in other areas of the spine

Front 53

Basic Principle s of Gonstead

Back 53

The foundation of the spine starts at the pelvic girdle. A stable pelvis insures balance, durability, and stability. Small changes in the foundation can cause large deviations above

Front 54

What did Gonstead think of the Intervertebral Disc?

Back 54

The analysis of the disc, and the changes it undergoes, gives the most reliable information for location of the subluxation according to Gonstead theory. As the disc is the primary weightbearing structure of the functional spinal unit, Gonstead technique directs its primary focus to that part of the joint.

Front 55

What did Gonstead think of the facet joint?

Back 55

The facet joint's main function is to guide and limit movement of the motion segment, and, they are NOT designed for weight bearing. For dysfunction to result in the facet joints, a positional dyskinesia must have occurred at the disc.

Front 56

How did Gonstead define the misalignment?

Back 56

Misalignment as a subluxation only when this misalignment causes irritation to the neural structures resulting in nerve dysfunction

Front 57

General Indications of a Subluxation?

Back 57

Pain, inflammation, swelling, palpatory tenderness, ischemia, neurologic dysfunction, spasticity, hypomobility

Front 58

Define: Fixation

Back 58

Limitation of intersegmental range of motion. Dysfunction may be limited to one axis of rotation

Front 59

Define: Compensation

Back 59

There is compensation to every subluxation. Compensations are usually hypermobile, and moves within its normal elastic limits, or in a range beyond normal regional articulations. A compensation may involve one segment, or many. Compensations occur in order to correct balance or equilibrium. Compensations make up for loss of movements elsewhere in the spine- there may be many compensations in the spine, but few subluxations

Front 60

The Gonstead Formula

Back 60

Find it, fix it, leave it alone

Front 61

Assessment tools to locate the subluxation?

Back 61

Visualization, palpation (static and motion), instrumentation, x-ray, history, pain syndromes, symptoms, exam findings

Front 62

Components of the Gonstead Adjustment

Back 62

Specificity is accomplished by using lines of correction from line drawings, torque, accurate contacts, counts and use of landmarks. Short levers are used with contacts close to joint vertebral midline. Specific joint tension at VCS, but not locked. The thrust is low amplitude, high velocity and sustained-- THROUGH THE PLANE LINE OF THE DISC