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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benign tumors of epithelial origin arise from what embryonic tissue?
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Ectoderm or Endoderm
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Benign tumors of connective tissue origin arise from what embryonic tissue?
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Mesoderrm
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What is the name for tumors that are derived from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm? Where are the anatomical locations that these types of tumors arise?
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This describes a teratoma. This sort of tumor can arise in the ovaries, testes, anterior mediastinum, and pineal gland
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What are the three tissues that produce Squamous cell carcinoma?
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Epithelial tissue- Squamous, Glandular, Transitional
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What is the number of doubling times necessary for a tumor to be clinically evident?
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30 doubling times.
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Thirty doubling times is the number of doublings necessary for a tumor to be clinically detected. What does this correlate to in terms of numbers of cells, grams of tissue, and volume?
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30 doubling times is equivalent to 10^9 cells, 1g of tissue, or 1mL.
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Do Basal Cell Carcinomas metastasize?
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NO, they invade and thus are malignant, but they DO NOT metastasize.
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What molecules do cancer cells produce that stimulate locomotion amongst the cells?
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Cytokines.
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What cofactor does the Type IV collagenase produced by cancer cells require in order to breakdown basment membranes?
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Zinc, because the Type IV collagenase is a metalloprotease.
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What are the molecules produced by caner cells that stimulate angiogenesis?
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VEGF and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (BFGF).
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What are two non-hormone molecules produced by tumors that cause lytic bone lesions, which activate Osteoclast activity?
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Prostaglandin E2 and Interleukin 1.
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What are some of the most important autosomal dominant cancer syndromes?
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Retinoblastoma, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Hereditary Polyposis Colon cancer (Lynch Syndrome).
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Retinoblastoma is associated with what gene on what chromosome? What other cancer are you at risk for?
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RB is associated with the Rb gene, on chromosome 13. A mutation in this gene puts you at risk for developing Osteogenic Sarcoma.
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Familal Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is associated with the mutation of what gene?
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APC suppressor gene.
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Describe the mechanism of cachexia associated with cancer.
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The mechanism is associated with the release of TNF-alpha from host macrophages and cancer cells. TNF-alpha suppresses the appetites center and increases Beta-Oxidation fatty acids.
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What is the most common cause of death in cancer?
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Gram (-) sepsis.
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What is the mechanism of DIC associated with cancer?
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The release of Thromboplastin by cancer cells.
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