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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the mechanism of action of Strep. agalctiae (group B strep)
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inhibits phagocytosis
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what is the cause of an immunodeficiency with high IgM?
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defect in isotype switching
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why is cyclosporine necessary in identical win transplant?
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there is still some difference in MHC sites from crossover of chormosomes during meiosis
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what is the major drift with influenza?
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major changes in the reassortment of genome pieces indicating a need for a new vaccine; only protects against influenza A
flu vaccine: egg based vaccine; killed virus vaccine |
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what is the receptor for HIV
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CD4 molecule on helper T cells (also macrophages and dentritic cells)
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name this condition:
tetany at birth; a pure T cell deficiency due to absence of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches; absent thymic shadow |
DiGeorge syndrome
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what is a graft vs. host reaction
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common in T cell deficiencies must irradiate the donor blood to destroy lymphocytes (also destroys CMV)
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which CD is common to both B and T cells?
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CD 45
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name the microbe
carried in rodents (deer mice) hemorrhage, renal failure, viral RNA in long tissue (PCR test) |
Hanta virus
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how does Staph aureus block opsonization of bacteria?
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protein A attaches to Rc receptor of macrophages hence blocking opsonization of bacteria
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name the microbe
-moves with flagella -urease produces |
proteus mirabils
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name the microbe
toxin inhibits the elongation factor 2 by ADP-riboxylation, hence blocking protein synthesis |
C. diphtheria
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mycoplasma pneumonaie requires what to grow?
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sterols
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pnumoonitis (larval transmigration) pluse ova in stools limits the microbes to what?
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ascaris or hookworm
**not strongyloides because they have rhabditiform larvae in the stool not the eggs! |
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what is a latex agglutination reation?
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antibody to capsular antigens is attached to the beads
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what are the locations of cells in the lymph node?
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B (follicles)
T (paraxotex) histiocytes (sinuses) |
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which cells attack protozoans?
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CD4 T cells
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what gives bacteria their shape?
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peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
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name the microbe
tumbling motility, gram positive rod |
Listeria monocytogenes; invades mononuclear cells beta-hemolysis in blood agar, transplacental infection in fetus or occurs in renal transplant patients, mainly contracted from eating unpasteurized cheese
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name the microbe
gray membrane that bleeds when removed? |
Diphtheria
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name the microbe
transmitted by aedes aegypti (same mosquito as yellow fever) "break bone fever" may be hemorrhagic |
Dengue
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what infection is associated with premature rupture of the membranes?
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group B strep (S. agalactiae)
CAMP test |
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what is the IL-1 function on B lymphocytes?
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activates B cells
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what is the location for S. aureus in carriers?
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anterior nares
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what is the cause of river blindness?
what is the treatment? |
Onchocerca, bite of blackfly--> do skin biopsy
treat with ivermectin |
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name the microbe
common cold virus in falla nd winter; person to person droplet infection and contamination of hands, acid labile (therefore does not cause gastroenteritis) |
Rhinovirus
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what is the virus responsible for a spring and summer
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adenovirus
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what is the microbe responsible for the acid pH in the vagina?
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lactobacillus
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what kind of vaccine is the influenza vaccine?
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killed, egg based
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name the pruritic skin lesion in a Gulf War veteran?
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cutaneous leishmaniasis due to the bite of the sandfly
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what kind of vaccine is the Hib vaccine?
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antibody against capsular polysaccharide
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in addition to the normal childhood immunizations, what additional immunizations are recommeded in sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis?
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pneumococcus (after age 2) and influenza
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which live vaccine can be given to a patient with AIDS?
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MMR--only because the natural infection is worse than the one that potentialy could happen with the attenuated virus
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list the live vacines
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MMR
varicella OPV BCG smallpox yellow fever |
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list the polysaccharide vaccines
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Pneumococcus
Hib meningococcal |
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list the killed virus vaccines
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influenza
rabies SALK |
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list the immunizations that are contraindicatd in patients with anaphylactic reactions against eggs
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MMR
influenza yellow fever |
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list the immunizations that are contraindicated in patients with anaphylactic reactions against neomycin
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MMR
varicella **neomycin is used as a preservative** |
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verrucoid lesion in lower extremity in a patient returning from S. America
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South American blastomycosis, yeast with a ships wheel appearance
(N. American blastomycosis has wide based buds) |
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what is responsible for AIDS patient with 2 peaks in the natural history of the disease?
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p24 antigen
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describe what an ELISA test for detecting HIV is testing?
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anti-gp 120 antibodies; confirm with Western blot
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what is the best test for detecting HIV viral burden in the blood?
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HIV RNA by PCR
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newborn baby in HIV psoitive mother--what do you test and what do you give the mother?
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newborn has anti-gp 120 in the serum (IgG antibody)
prevent HIV in the newborn by giving the mother AZT |
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what is the animal association with toxoplasmosis?
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cat
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what is the most common cause of diarrhea in children?
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rotavirus
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what attaches to the urogenital epithelium hence it is #1 status for urinary tract infections?
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E. coli
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name this defect
SXR; triad of sinopulmonary infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia, B and T cell deficiency, increased incidence of leukemia/lymphoma |
Wiskott Aldrich
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name this defect
SXR; defect in pre B and B cells; prone ot respiratory infections; need IV gamma globulin |
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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name this defect
SCID |
first immunodeficiency treated with gene therapy (repleacement of adenosine deaminase)
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what part of the vaccine is antigenic?
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polysaccharide capsule
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A person working with animal hides develops lung disease...what is the cause?
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Bacillus anthrax
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what is the pathogenesis of cryptococcus?
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evades host destruction via its polysaccharide capsule
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child with anemia and diarrhea, what is high on your differential?
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hookworm (because it produces iron deficiency)
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Lymphocutaneous nodules in a rose gardener?
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sporotrichosis
treat with potassium iodide |
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elderly male smoker with non-productive cough, bacteria fails to grow on ordinary media (requires iron and cysteine) and stains with Dieterle silver stain
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Legionella
treat with erythromycin |
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how are macrophages activated?
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gamma-interferon secreted from helper T cell
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name the defect
sinopulmonary disease most common genetic immunodeficiency |
IgA
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what is the most common acquired immunodeficiency?
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AIDS
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the HLA system is coded on what chromosome
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6
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what is the cause for hyperacute rejection of a transplant?
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ABO incompatibility or patient had anti-HLA antibodies against an HLA antigen in the graft; type II hypersensitivity rxn
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HLA-A, B, C code for what antigens?
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class I
CD8 cytotoxic T cells recognize |
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HLA-D code for what antigens?
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class II
CD4 helper T cells, macrophages recognize |
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graft vs. host reaction is due to what?
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NK cell mediated; common in bone marrow and liver transplants; rash, jaundice (necrosis of bile ducts) diarrhea, danger in T cell deficient patients
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what is the receptor for EBV?
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CD21 on B cells, polyclonal stimulator causing increased synthesis of immunoglobulins reason for hypergammaglobulinemia in AIDS, increased divisions increased risk for t;8:14 and Burkitt's lymphoma
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how do you destroy C. difficile in a bedpan?
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autoclave
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name the microbe
spores associated with beaver dams in inland water ways, broad-based-bud |
Blastomycosis
shipwheel appearing yeast is S. American blastomycosis |
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what is most commonly caused by group A strep?
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impetigo
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what is the antigen recognition site for T cells?
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CD3
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what is the antigen that binds to CD4 on T cells in HIV
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gp120
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what is the risk for HIV if accidental needle stick from an HIV positive patient?
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1/330 with triple therapy for 6 months and get ELISA test at repeated intervals
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what is the treatment for malaria?
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treat with primaquine
**develop acute intravascular hemolysis in G6PD deficiency |
