Goljan Hy Pharm (100)

Front 1

Allopurinol MoA

Back 1

Inhibits xanthine oxidase

Front 2

Isoniazid
-MoA
- SE

Back 2

MoA: Nicotinic acid derivative that inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid in mycobacteria wall

SE: Causes pyridoxine deficiency leading to peripheral neuropathy & sideroblastic anemia

Front 3

Succinycholine
- Use
- MoA
- Duration of action

Back 3

Use: Depolarizing agent used as muscle relaxant during surgery

MoA: Binds to nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle causing persistent depolarization at motor end-plate.

Duration: 5-10 minutes

Effects are not reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors - no pharmalogic antidote to OD.
- some pts have atypical cholinesterase & can't metabolize drug.

Front 4

Preganglionic Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine

Back 4

- activates muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

- muscarinic effects:
1) pupillary miosis (contracts iris sphincter, used after cataract surgery)
2) accomodation of lens for near vision (contracts ciliary muscles) 3) bronchconstriction
4) SA node effect (slows HR)
5) AV node effect (increase PR interval)
6) Stimulate GI secretions
7) Stim. GI motility (enteric nervous system stim)
8) Micturition (stim detrusor muscle, which relaxes internal sphincter of bladder)

Front 5

Nitric Oxide
-Use
-MoA
-Acetylcholine

Back 5

Use: Potent vasodilator in endothelial cells

MoA: inactivates myosin light chain kinase in SM cells leading to vasodilation.

Acetylcholine: can lead to its synthesis when injected into vessels.

Front 6

Woman in 3rd trimester has premature contractions.

-DOC
-MoA

Back 6

DOC: Terbutaline
MoA: selective Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that inhibits uterine contractions.

Front 7

Effect of aspirin on the kidney

Back 7

Decrease PGE2 synthesis (vasodilator) leading to unopposed AT II effect & renal papillary necrosis

Front 8

Methotrexate
-MoA
- SE

Back 8

MoA: Blocks dihydrofolate reductase - macrocytic anemia due to folate deficiency.

- S phase inhibitor

Use: interstitial fibrosis in lungs.

Front 9

Peripheral neuropathy & cancer drug:

Back 9

Vincristine

Front 10

Nerve-ending locations affected by botulinum poison, reserpine, guinethidine

Back 10

That's it.... just a free information slide!!!! HA

Front 11

MoA of Sucralfate

Back 11

- viscous polymer of sucrose octasulfate + aluminum hydroxide that adheres to ulcer crater
- Stimulates PGE2 in mucous cells (responsible for mucous border)

Front 12

Effect of mixing statin drugs w/niacin

Back 12

- rhabdomyolysis: each drug by itself can produce rhabdomyolysis

Front 13

MoA of Amphotericin B

Back 13

- Binds ergosterol in fungal cell membrane (increases permeability)

Note: Nyastatin has same mechanism

Front 14

Moa of Clotrimazole

Back 14

- inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Note: other azole compounds have similar action.

Front 15

MoA of Flucytosine

Back 15

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Front 16

MoA of Grisefulvin

Back 16

inhibits microtubule function & mitosis

Front 17

Define potency

Back 17

measure of efficacy in terms of a drug

Front 18

Define Efficacy

Back 18

the ability to provide a clinically measurable effect

Front 19

Propyithiouracil
- DOC
- Can it be used in pregnancy?

Back 19

DOC: decreasing synthesis of thyroid hormone in Grave's disease & Agranulocytosis

Preganancy: yes

Front 20

Fastest way to increase HR in shock:

- Best drug for to increase HR and renal vasodilation

Back 20

Meds w/decreasing effectiveness:
1) isoproterenol
2) Dobutamine
3) Dopamine

- Dopamine in low doses.

Front 21

Dapsone

Back 21

-Sulfone that inhibits synthesis of folic acid by M. Lepae

- may precipitate hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency

- May produce methemoglobinemia, nephrotic syndrome & peripheral neuropathy.

Front 22

Prolongation of QRS on ECG:

Back 22

Quinidine

Front 23

Anticonvulsant/antiepileptic drug w/effect on epiphyseal plate:

Back 23

phenytoin via its revving up of cytochrome system int eh liver and causing Vit D deficiency (increased metabolism of 25 hydroxylated Vit D)

Front 24

MoA of Ondansetron

Back 24

- Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

- useful in blocking chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the area postrema, hence preventing vomiting.

Front 25

Opioid OD

Back 25

Respiratory depression - respiratory acidosis
-miotic pupils.

Front 26

First Rx of Alcoholic in ER

Back 26

IV thiamine to prevent acute Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Front 27

Heparin: MCC of _____ in hospital

Back 27

MCC of thrombocytopenia in hospital

Front 28

Acute Rx for Coumarin OD when bleeding is life-threatening:
- what about when it is less serious bleeding?

Back 28

fresh frozen plasma best choice.
-Use IM Vit K for less serious bleeds.

Front 29

Nitrofurantoin:
-Where concentrated
- Class

Back 29

- Concentrated in urine

- Urinary tract antiseptic

Front 30

Cyclophosphamide:
- SE
- Where activated?

Back 30

- Hemorrhagic cystitis, transitional cell carcinoma

- Activated (not metabolized) in the liver.

Front 31

Doxorubicin & Prednisone is metabolized where?

Back 31

Liver

Front 32

How do you prevent gout after cancer therapy?

What is the danger?

Back 32

Prevent by giving allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)

Danger of urate nephropathy

Front 33

What drug would prevent muscle fasciulations after neuromuscular block?

Back 33

Initial effect of succinycholine

Front 34

MoA of Levodopa

Back 34

Blocks peripheral dopa decarboxylase

Front 35

Bronchial Asthma
-Mild/Mod
- Severe

Back 35

Mild/Moderate: Albuterol

Severe: Corticosteroid

Front 36

Rx of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Back 36

Adenosine, including its association w/WPW syndrome

Front 37

MoA of Clonidine:

Back 37

Activates Alpha2-adrenergic and imidazole receptors in the CNS which reduces sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center in the medulla.

Front 38

Captopril
- SE

Back 38

Bradykinin SE include cough & angioedema - ACE normally degrades bradykinin.
- cough is not seen in Losartan

Front 39

Hydralazine
- Preggo or no Preggo?
- What drug induced Autoimmune DO can this cause?

Back 39

- Can be used in preggos

- Cause of drug-induced SLE

Front 40

Pts w/HTN, hypernatremia & hypokalemia

Back 40

Losartan, an ATII receptor antagonist, is DOC.
- corrects HTN & elecrolyte problem (blocks release of aldosterone, hence sodium is lost in teh urine & potassium retained).

Front 41

Rx for Pulmonary edema

Back 41

Loop diuretics to decrease preload.

Front 42

Urinary retention in prostrate hyperplasia

Back 42

Selective Alpha1-blocker, relax smooth muscle in bladder neck & prostate.
- examples: Prazosin & Terazosin

Front 43

MoA of saw palmetto

Back 43

Anti-androgen effect - blocks androgen uptake & availability w/o altering serum levels.
- causes shrinking of transitiona zone of prostate around urethra

Front 44

Narcolepsy

Back 44

Rx w/amphetamines

Front 45

Premature labor & must deliver baby

Back 45

Give glucocorticoids to increase surfactant synthesis

Front 46

Drug used to eliminate Calcium in pt w/hypercalcemia

Back 46

Loop diuretic

Front 47

Drug used to remove calcium from urine in a calcium stone former.

Back 47

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 48

Pt w/respiratory alkolosis & then metabolic acidosis:

Back 48

Salicylate intoxication

Front 49

S-phase drug used in tx of acute lymphoblastic leukemia:

Back 49

methotrexate

Front 50

Analog of hypoxanthine requiring HGPRTase for bioactivation:

Back 50

6-mercaptopurine... allopurinol could cause toxicity since the drug is a purine.

Front 51

Drug that competes w/dUMP for thymidylate synthase:

Back 51

5-fluorocuracil

Front 52

Drug used in Rx of Wilm's tumor:

Back 52

actinomycin D (dactinomycin)

Front 53

Antimetabolite that together w/an antibiotic is used in Rx of acute myelogenous leukemia:

Back 53

cytarabine + daunomycin (anthracycline antibiotic)

Front 54

Nephron site responsible for ACE inhibitors causing increase in serum creatinine:

Back 54

Block in AT II (works as vasoconstrictor of efferent arteriole in glomerulus) by ACE inhibitor removes importatnt control for maintaining intrarenal blood flow causing potential for renal failure (particularly w/bilateral renal artery stenosis)

Front 55

Nephron site of action of thiazides:

Back 55

Na/Cl pump in cortical ascending limb.

Front 56

Vitamin given in Rx of TB.
- Potential risks?

Back 56

Pyridoxine (B6)- used up when using isoniazid.
- Risk of peripheral neuropathy & sideroblastic anemia.

Front 57

Drugs that are generally safe in pregnancy

Back 57

1) methyldopa
2) hydralazine
3) Low dose of propylthiouracil
4) cephalosporins
5) penicillin

Front 58

Drugs that are not safe:

Back 58

1) methotrexate
2) ACE inhibitor
3) retinoic acid
4) sulfur containing drugs

Front 59

Why is gentamicin ineffective in Legionella infections:

Back 59

- aminoglycosides affect the 30S ribosomal subunits

- resistance to any drugs that are protein synthesis inhibitors may be due to inactivation of the drug by bacterial enzymes.

- decreased binding of drug to 30S ribosomal subunit.