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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What lab finding do you need to fast for?
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Triglyceride
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What lab findings do you NOT need to fast for?
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HDL, LDL, Cholesterol(only 3% TG)
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Pancreatic Lipase
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breaksdown TG in small intestine
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Lipoprotein Lipase
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Breaks down TG in circulating chylomicrons and VLDL
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Hepatic TG lipase
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breaks down TG in IDL
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Hormone sensitive lipase
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breaks down TG in fatty tissue(adipocytes)
Describe function of each A-I B-100 C-II B-48 E |
A-I ---- Activates LCAT
B-100 --- Binds to LDL receptor and mediates VLDL secretion C-II --- Cofactor for lipoprotein lipase B-48 ---- mediates chylomicron secretion E --- mediates Extra remnant uptage |
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What is HDL a repository for?
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ApoE and ApoC
These are needed for what? |
chylomicron and VLDL metabolism
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Describe the Apolipoproteins in each thingymabob
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VLDL, IDL and LDL has B-100
VLDL and IDL have E VLDL has C-II |
Chylomicrons have A-IV, B-48, C-II, E
VLDLs have B-100, C-II, E IDLs have B-100, C-II LDLs have B-100 |
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Deficiency in Type I Dyslipidemia
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Hyperchylomicronemia due to deficiency of LPL and/or altered Apolipoprotein C-II
What is elevated in serum? |
TG and cholesterol
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia MOA
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absent LDL receptors
increased circulating LDL and elevated blood levels of cholesterol genetics? |
autosomal dominant -
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shrunken cobblestone appearance of kidney
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hyaline arteriolosclerosis of kidney related to HTN/Diabetes
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Why are AAA common?
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No vaso vasorum in Abominal Aorta
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Hypotension, left flank pain, pulsatile mass on physical exam
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ruptured AAA
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What physical findings occur with thoracic aneurysm?
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recurrent laryngeal nerve compression(hoarseness), bobbing of head due to aortic regurg,
most common complication is rupture |
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widening of the mediastinum
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thoracic aneurysm
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diminished pulse in the left compared to right
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thoracic aneurysm
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What syndromes are a/w thoracic aortic dissection
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pregnancy, marfans
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Retinal vein engorgement(blurry vision), headache, and congestion of head/neck region
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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
a/w lung cancer as a PNS |
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Lung Cancer Complications
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SPHERE of complications
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Pancoast Tumor Horner's Syndrome Endocrine Tumors Recurrent Laryngeal symptoms Effusions(pleural AND pericardial) |
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Osler Weber Rendu
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Hereditary Telangiectasia
Symptoms |
Lots of GI bleeds and telangiectasias on face, skin whatnot
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Lesion only seen in AID's patients that looks like Kaposi's sarcoma
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Bacillary Angiomatosis
Caused by? |
Bartonella Henselae
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What stains Bartonella Henselae?
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Silver Stain
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PALPABLE purpura vs NOT palpable purpura?
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PALPABLE is small vessel vasculitis
NOT PALPABLE is a platelet deficiency |
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Muscular Artery Vasculitis
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Wegener's, Kawasaki, Polyarteritis Nodosa
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Vasculitis that involves stroke or pulselessness and aortic arch syndrome
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Takayasu, Giant Cell Temporal
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Henoch Schonlein has what Ab? What organ abnormality?
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IgA
RBC casts due to glomerulonephritis |
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What do you treat Wegener's with?
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Cyclophosphamide
What reduces toxicities? |
Mesna
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Saddle Nose
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Congenital Syphilis but MORE COMMONLY due to Wegener's
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What important associated with PAN?
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Hepatitis B
p-ANCA |
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Muscular artery -- infarcts
elastic arteries -- strokes, claudication small arteries -- palpable purpura |
just go over this
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Mucor Mycosis is a/w?
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Diabetic Ketoacedosis
go through kribiform plate to infect frontal lobes |
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Raynaud's due to?
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IgM cold agglutinins, Cryoglobulinemia(Hep C), CREST Scleroderma
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What syndrome is contraindicated for thiazides?
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Hyperlipidemia
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Charcot Boucard Aneurysms are...
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aneurysms due to HTN that generally occur in the Leticular Nucleus
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What murmur radiates to carotid?
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Aortic Stenosis
What sound radiates to axilla? |
mitral regurg
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What murmur has a diamond shape configuration?
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Aortic Stenosis
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Opening snap with rumbling sound is what murmur?
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Mitral Stenosis
What physiologic changes? |
Atrial hypertrophy + dilation
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Pulmonary Edema is ALWAYS
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left heart failure
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Nutmeg liver
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right heart failure
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
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Left Heart failure
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decreases preload AND afterload
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ACE inhibitors and ARBs
What can you add to improve prognosis? |
Spironolactone
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Thiamine deficiency MOA for high output failure of heart
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ATP depletion --> Smooth muscle relaxation of arterioles -->
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Hyperthyroid MOA for heart failure
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increase synthesis of Beta receptor that causes increased contractility
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fetal circulation
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IVC blood goes through FO
SVC blood goes through PDA |
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Pink on top, blue on bottom
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differential cyanosis a/w PDA
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What determines degree of severity of Tetralogy of Falot?
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Degree of pulmonic stenosis
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Right to left shunts increases risk of?
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polycythemia and infective endocarditis
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What is a/w situs inversitus?
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Kartagener Syndrome
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HDL does what
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sucks LDL out of cells
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Why do women have CAD after men?
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estrogen is cardioprotective
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Sudden Cardiac Death? Great risk in?
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due to Vfib
Smokers histology? |
No emboli, no necrosis, just severe atherosclerosis
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Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
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little infarcts(subendocardial) leads to muscle getting replaced by scar tissue, EF goes down and you die of heart failure
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murmur of mitral regurg during acute MI?
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RCA due to the fact that it supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle
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An excess of what causes a redundant valve?
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dermatan sulfate
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click murmur?
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mitral valve prolapse
click due to? Closer to S2? Closer to S1? |
sudden tension of chordae tendinae
Closer to S2 when increased preload Closer to S1 when standing or anxious |
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Most common cause of mitral stenosis
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Rheumatic Fever
Chronic vs acute rheumatic fever? |
Chronic rheumatic fever is mitral stenosis
Acute rheumatic fever is mitral regurg |
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fish mouth appearance of valve
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mitral valve stenosis
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Mitral valve prolapse is a/w
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Marfan's
Ehler-Danlos What are they predisposed to? |
Rupture of Chordae Tendinae
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What do you not give to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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Digitalis
What's okay? |
something that relaxes heart, Beta blockers, CCB's
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cardiac Myxomas occur in
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adults
What occurs in kids? What is that a/w? |
Rhabdomyoma
Tuberous Sclerosis |
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young woman unexplained pleuritis or pericarditis
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SLE
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Constrictive pericarditis most commonly due to?
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TB,
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Pericardial Knock?
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Constrictive pericarditis
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Chest Pain
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Prinzmetals Angina
Diagnostic drug? |
Ergonovine
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what is your risk for atherosclerosis in hyperchylomicronemia
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no increase. What clinical presentation?
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eruptive and pruritic xanthomas
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Abeta lipoproteinemia
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deficiency of B-100 and B-48 leads to inability to synthesize Lipoproteins
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What presents with ataxia and night blindness and an accumulation within enterocytes?
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Abetalipoproteinemia - it is autosomal recessive
When do symptoms appear? |
First few months of life
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Picture
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Acanthocytosis a/w abetalipoproteinemiia
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