Goljan 19-2 Kidney Disorders

Front 1

What is the most common cause of TIN (Tubulointerstitial nephritis)?

Back 1

APN (Acute pyelonephritis)

Front 2

APN (Acute pyelonephritis) is most common in male/female?

Back 2

APN is
female>male

Front 3

What is the most common cause of APN?

Back 3

E. Coli

Front 4

VUR (Vesicoureteral reflux) = ?

Back 4

urine refluxes into the ureters during micturition

Front 5

What is the most common mechanism for upper/lower UTIs in females?

Back 5

Ascending infection

Front 6

Findings in APN and NOT lower UTIs?

Back 6

Pain in fever, flank
WBC casts in urine

Front 7

Causes of CPN (Chronic pyeonephritis)?

Back 7

VUR (Vesicoureteral reflux) in young girls,
chronic hydronephrosis

Front 8

CPN (Chronic pyeonephritis) = ?

Back 8

cortical scars overlie blunt calyces; visible with IVP

Front 9

CPN (Chronic pyeonephritis)
microscopic findings?

Back 9

glomerular scarring; tubular atrophy ("thyroidization")

Front 10

Reflux nephropathy causes what?

Back 10

causes hypertenstion in children

Front 11

what are causes of drug induced TIN = ?

Back 11

methicillin, NSAIDs, rifampin, sulfonamides

Front 12

Pathogenesis of drug induced TIN?

Back 12

abrupt onset fever, oliguria, rash

Front 13

Analgesic nephropathy
pathogenesis = ?

Back 13

acetaminophen + aspirin; renal papillary necrosis

Front 14

Renal papillary necrosis
complications?

Back 14

"ring defect" on IVP from sloughing of papilla

Front 15

Prevention of urate nephropathy?

Back 15

allopurinol before aggresive cancer therapy

Front 16

Chronic Pb poisoning
pathogenesis?

Back 16

proximal tubules with nuclear acid-fast inclusions

Front 17

BJ (Bence Jones) proteinuria = ?

Back 17

casts with foreign body giant cell reaction

Front 18

CRF (Chronic Renal Failure)
Hematologic findings = ?

Back 18

normocytic anemia; qualitative platelet defect

Front 19

Renal osteodystrophy is due to?

Back 19

due to secondary HPTH (hyperparathyroidism), osteomalacia, osteoporosis

Front 20

CRF
cardiovascular findings?

Back 20

hypertention, pericarditis, CHF, atherosclerosis

Front 21

CRF (chronic renal failure) causes?

Back 21

↑ anion gap metabolic acidosis; ↑ serum phosphorus/ potassium; ↓ serum calcium

Front 22

increased Cystatin C is an indicator of ?

Back 22

biomarker of kidney function

Front 23

CRF
urinalysis findings?

Back 23

Free water clearance in CRF is zero
Waxy/broad casts

Front 24

BNS (benign nephrosclerosis) kidney of essential hypertension is due to what?

Back 24

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Front 25

Malignant hypertension
most common cause?

Back 25

pre-existing BNS (Benign nephrosclerosis)

Front 26

Malignant hypertension
clinical findings?

Back 26

blood pressure ≥ 210/120 mm Hg, encephalopathy, renal failure

Front 27

Malignant hypertension
inital treatment?

Back 27

IV nitroprusside (intravenous sodium)

Front 28

Renal infarction
most common causes?

Back 28

embolization

Front 29

Renal infarction
indication?

Back 29

sudden flank pain and hematuria

Front 30

Sickle cell trait/ disease
clinical presentations?

Back 30

hematuria,
loss of concentration,
renal papillary necrosis
APN; pyeonephritis

Front 31

Diffuse cortical necrosis = ?

Back 31

anuria followed by ARF in pregnant woman

Front 32

What is the most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Back 32

Hydronephrosis

Front 33

What is the most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Back 33

Renal stone

Front 34

What is the most common metabolic abnormality causing calcium stones?

Back 34

Hypercalciuria

Front 35

______ increase reabsorption of calcium out of urine?

Back 35

Thiazides increase reabsorption of calcium out of urine

Front 36

What is the most common cause of renal stones?

Back 36

calcium oxalate; calcium phosphate

Front 37

Struvite stone = ?

Back 37

(Manesium ammonium phosphate) MAP; urease producers; alkaline urine pH

Front 38

Renal stone
clinical findings?

Back 38

ipsilateral colicky pain in flank radiating to groin; hematuria

Front 39

diagnosis of Plain film?

Back 39

80% stones radiopaque

Front 40

Diagnosis of Spiral CT?

Back 40

is the best overall sensitivity and specificity; expensive

Front 41

Diagnosis usage of ultrasound in renal stones?

Back 41

detects hydronephrosis, not stone

Front 42

What is done for stone prevention?

Back 42

hydration is very important

Front 43

Rx for calcium stones?

Back 43

hydrochlorothiazide

Front 44

Angiomyolipoma is associated with?

Back 44

hamartoma associated with tuberous sclerosis

Front 45

Renal cell carcinoma
appearance?

Back 45

yellow tumor with renal vein invasion

Front 46

Renal cell carcinoma derives from what?

Back 46

proximal tubule cell

Front 47

what is the most cause of Renal cell carcinoma?

Back 47

smoking

Front 48

Renal cell carcinoma invades____?

Back 48

renal vein poor prognosis

Front 49

Clinical findings of renal cell carcinoma?

Back 49

hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass

Front 50

Renal cell carcinoma
lab findings?

Back 50

ectopic secretion EPO and PTH-related peptide

Front 51

what is the most common cause of TCC renal pelvis?

Back 51

smoking

Front 52

what is the most common cause of renal tumor in children?

Back 52

Wilms' tumor

Front 53

Wilms' tumor in children = ?

Back 53

with unilateral flank mass and hypertention

Front 54

Wilms' tumor is due to?

Back 54

hypertension due to renin secretion