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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three main features of a passive margin in order from land outward?
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Continental Shelf
Continental Slope Continental Rise |
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What are the three provinces of the ocean floor?
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Continental Margins
Deep-Ocean Basins Mid-Ocean Ridges |
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What is indicated by point 'A'?
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Continental Shelf
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What are the two types of Continental Margins?
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Active Margin
Passive Margin |
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Which margin lacks major tectonic activity?
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Passive Margin
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What is an example of a passive margin?
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East coast US
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What is indicated by point 'B'?
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Continental Slope
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Which continental margin is associated with lithospheric plate boundaries?
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Active Margins
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What kind of margin is caused by continued sea floor spreading
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Passive Margin
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What is indicated by point 'C'?
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Continental Rise
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What are the two types of fault zones that form active margins?
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Convergent
Transform |
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What is indicated by point 'D'?
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Abyssal Plain
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Which active margin type has linear islands along plate boundaries?
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Transform Active Margins
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Continental arc onshore is a sign of what kind of active margin?
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Convergent
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Def: "gently sloping depositional surface extending from the low-water line to a marked increase in slope around the margin of a continent.
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Continental Shelf
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Def: "depth at which the gentle slope of the continental shelf steepens appreciably; the boundary between the continental shelf and continental rise."
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Shelf Break
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Def: "relatively steeply sloping surface lying seaward of the continental shelf." - beyond shelf break
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Continental Slope
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Def: "steep v-shaped canyon cut into the continental shelf or slope.
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Submarine Canyons
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Def: "underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with sediment that move down the continental slope and are responsible for carving submarine canyons."
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Turbidity Currents
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Def: "gently sloping depositional surface at the base of the continental slope."
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Continental Rise
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What is the transition zone between the continental margin and the deep ocean floor?
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Continental Rise
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Def: "stratification in which each layer displays a decrease in grain size from bottom to top"
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Graded Bedding
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Def: "sediment or rock formed from sediment deposited by turbidity currents and characterized by graded bedding" - stacking
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Turbidite Deposits
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Def: "large fan-shaped deposit commonly found on the continental rise at the mouth of submarine canyons; particularly well developed seaward of such sediment laden rivers as the Amazon, Indus, or Ganges-Brahmaputra"
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Deep-sea fan, submarine fans
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What are the features of Deep-Ocean Basins?
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Abyssal Plains
Volcanic Peaks Flood Basins Ocean Trenches Back-arc Spreading Centers |
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Def: "deep linear scars in the ocean floor, caused by the collision of two plates along convergent plate margins"
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Ocean Trench
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Def: "arc-shaped row of active volcanoes directly above a subduction zone. Can occur as a row of islands (island arc) or mountains on land (continental arc)."
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Volcanic Arc
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How deep is the Mariana Trench and what ocean is it in?
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11.0km
Pacific |
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How deep is the Kuril Trench and what ocean is it in?
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10.5km
Pacific |
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How deep is the Philippine Trench and what ocean is it in?
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10.5km
Pacific |
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How deep is the Kermadec-Tonga Trench and what ocean is it in?
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10.0
Pacific |
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Def: "spreading centers behind island arcs that result from the tensional stresses created by the seaward migration of the associated oceanic trench."
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Back-arc Spreading Centers
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What occurs at spreading centers and creates underwater mountain ranges?
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MOR (Mid-Ocean Ridges)
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Which hydrothermal vents are clear and less than 30 degrees Celcius?
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Warm-water vents
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Which hydrothermal vents release barium sulfide and what is their temperature range?
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White Smokers
30-350 degrees C |
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Which hydrothermal vents release metal sulfides and what is their temperature range?
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Black Smokers
> 350 degrees C |
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Where are hydrothermal vents usually located?
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Near the axis of spreading along MORs
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How do hydrothermal vents contribute to deep-ocean life?
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Chemosynthesis
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Which zone is seismically inactive, not part of a plate boundary and beyond the offset segments of the MOR?
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Fracture Zone
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Which zone is seismically active and between the offset segments of the MOR?
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Transform Fault
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How do scientists collect information about ht edepth and shape of the sea floor?
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Echo Sounders and Sattelite
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What is the difference between a passive and an active continental margin?
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Active margins are along convergent and tranform zones.
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How are submarine canyons formed?
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Turbidity currents
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Where are the deepest areas of the ocean?
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Deep-ocean trenches
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What kinds fo features are found at the mid-ocean ridge?
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thermal vents
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What are differences between transform faults and fracture zones?
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Tranform faults are between fractures zones.
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What is produced by sounds that penetrate beneath the sea floor and reflect off the boundaries between different rock sedimetn layers?
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Seismic Reflection Profiles
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What curve shows the relationship between the height of the land and the depth of the oceans?
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Hypsographic Curve.
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Which type of continental margin lacks a plate boundary?
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Passive Margin
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Deep-ocean trenches and volcanic archs are a result of what kind of plate boundary?
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Convergent
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When hot basaltic lava spills on to the sea floor, what is formed?
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pillow basalts
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