Gmus 200 Chp. 1-3

Front 1

Not being involved or thinking about the music - background music such as in the grocery store

Back 1

sensual listening

Front 2

Thinking some about the music - what it's about, the story it tells, how it makes you feel

Back 2

expressive listening

Front 3

Concentrating on the music - focusing on melody, rhythm, etc.

Back 3

musical listening

Front 4

Rarely contains multiple levels of musical activity and doesn't require active listening. What you hear the first time is what you get.

Back 4

popular music

Front 5

Requires active listening

Back 5

art music

Front 6

a gradual decrease in the volume of sound

Back 6

diminuendo

Front 7

a musical idea that is repeated over and over again

Back 7

ostinato

Front 8

the art of assigning to the various instruments the various melodies, accompaniments, and counterpoints of a musical composition

Back 8

orchestration

Front 9

two or more voices or instrumental parts singing or playing the same pitch

Back 9

unison

Front 10

a group of composers whose purpose was to write russian music free of "western" european influence

Back 10

the russian five (kuchka)

Front 11

the speed of beats in music

Back 11

tempo

Front 12

the various levels of loud and soft at which sounds are produced in a musical composition

Back 12

dynamics

Front 13

any device that muffles the sound of a musical instrument

Back 13

mute

Front 14

very soft

Back 14

pianissimo

Front 15

an extra composition performed at the end of a concert

Back 15

encore

Front 16

very loud

Back 16

fortissimo

Front 17

Did Pictures at an Exhibition (_ _ _ _)

Back 17

Modest Musorgsky (1874)

Front 18

inspired Modest Musorgsky

Back 18

Hartmann

Front 19

___ pictures served as the basis for the composition with each movement recreating sound in the visual images of hartmann's drawings and paintings

Back 19

10

Front 20

organization of time in music

Back 20

rhythm

Front 21

an even pulse that divides the passing of time into equal segments

Back 21

beat

Front 22

produced by the gathering of beats into regular beats

Back 22

meter

Front 23

two beats per measure

Back 23

duple meter

Front 24

three beats per measure

Back 24

triple meter

Front 25

four beats per measure

Back 25

quadruple meter

Front 26

combination of duple and triple meter

Back 26

complex meter

Front 27

six beats per meter

Back 27

sextuple meter (compound meter)

Front 28

doesn't have a regular recurring pattern of beats

Back 28

nonmetrical

Front 29

two numbers, one on top of the other, placed at the beginning of the music to tell how beats are grouped

Back 29

time signature

Front 30

musical notation

Back 30

score

Front 31

stronger/weaker beat

Back 31

downbeat/upbeat

Front 32

doesn't start with a downbeat

Back 32

pickup (anarcrusis)

Front 33

places the accent on either a weak beat or between beats

Back 33

syncopation

Front 34

speed at which beats occur

Back 34

tempo

Front 35

mechanical device used by performers to keep a steady tempo

Back 35

metronome

Front 36

slow tempo

Back 36

grave
largo
lento
adagio

Front 37

moderate tempo

Back 37

andante
andantino
moderato
allegretto

Front 38

fast tempo

Back 38

allegretto
allegro
molto allegro
vivace
vivo
presto
prestissimo

Front 39

the tempo is "robbed", or constantly slowing and speeding up

Back 39

rubato

Front 40

tells a performer to return to the original tempo

Back 40

a tempo

Front 41

in musical notation, a tempo mark indicating a slowing down of the tempo

Back 41

ritardando (rit.)

Front 42

gradually slowing (often combined w/ getting louder dynamically)

Back 42

rallentando

Front 43

a tempo mark indicating "getting faster"

Back 43

accelerando

Front 44

in musical notation, a numerical shorthand that tells the player which unwritten notes to fill in above the written bass note

Back 44

fermata

Front 45

relative position, high or low, of a musical sound

Back 45

pitch

Front 46

sound with a definite, consistent pitch

Back 46

tone

Front 47

distance between any two pitches on a musical scale

Back 47

interval

Front 48

the interval comprising the first and eighth tones of the major and minor diatonic scale

Back 48

octave

Front 49

smallest musical interval in western major or minor scale; distance between two adjacent piano keys

Back 49

half step

Front 50

predominant interval in the western major and minor scale; interval made of two half steps

Back 50

whole step

Front 51

organization of music around the tonic

Back 51

tonality

Front 52

central pitch around which the melody and harmony gravitate

Back 52

tonic

Front 53

tonal center built on a tonic note and making us e of a scale

Back 53

key

Front 54

preplaced sharps or flats

Back 54

key signature

Front 55

arrangement of pitches that ascends and descends in a fixed and unvarying pattern

Back 55

scale

Front 56

scale that only uses the seven notes of the major or minor scale

Back 56

diatonic

Front 57

a seven note scale that ascends in the following order of whole and half steps; 1-1-.5-1-1-1-.5

Back 57

major scale

Front 58

a seven note scale that ascends in the following order of whole and half steps; 1-.5-1-1-.5-1-1

Back 58

minor scale

Front 59

uses all 12 notes in the octave

Back 59

chromatic

Front 60

a change from minor to major or from major to minor

Back 60

mode

Front 61

melodic motion that proceeds primarily by steps and without leaps

Back 61

conjunct motion

Front 62

melodic motion that moves primarily by leaps rather than by steps

Back 62

disjunct motion

Front 63

in musical notation, an articulation mark, indicating that the notes are to be smoothly connected

Back 63

legato articulation

Front 64

a manner of playing in which each note is held only for the shortest possible time

Back 64

staccato articulation

Front 65

two or more simultaneously sounding pitches

Back 65

chord

Front 66

a chord consisting of 3 pitches and 2 intervals of a third

Back 66

triad

Front 67

a self-contained portion of a melody, theme, or tune

Back 67

phrase

Front 68

the opening, incomplete sounding phrase of a melody, often followed by a consequent phrase that brings the melody to closure

Back 68

antecedent phrase

Front 69

the second phrase of a two-part melodic unit that brings a melody to a point of repose and closure

Back 69

consequent

Front 70

the concluding part of a musical phrase

Back 70

cadence

Front 71

a cadence at which the music does not come to a fully satisfying stop by stands as if suspended on a dominant chord

Back 71

half cadence

Front 72

a cadence that sounds complete, in part because it usually ends on the tonic note

Back 72

full cadence

Front 73

a short, distinctive melodic figure that stands by itself

Back 73

motive

Front 74

the repitition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower degrees of the scale

Back 74

sequence

Front 75

chord built on the 5th degree of the scale

Back 75

dominant

Front 76

chord built on the 4th degree of the scale

Back 76

subdominant scale

Front 77

a succession of chords moving forward in a purposeful fashion

Back 77

chord progression

Front 78

notes of a triad or seventh chord played in a direct succession and in a direct line up or down

Back 78

arpeggio

Front 79

pitches sounding agreeable and stable

Back 79

consonance

Front 80

discordant mingling of sounds

Back 80

dissonance

Front 81

an additional duration of fifty percent is added

Back 81

dotted notes

Front 82

two notes are played continuously as one note

Back 82

tie

Front 83

notes are to be played smoothly

Back 83

slur (legato)

Front 84

notes are to be played in a detached manner

Back 84

staccato dots

Front 85

note is to be held longer than its actual value

Back 85

fermata

Front 86

consists of a top number which designates the number of beats in the pattern and a bottom number which indicates the note type that gets one beat

Back 86

time signature (meter signature)

Front 87

marks the basic time unit in musical notation

Back 87

bar unit

Front 88

a group of beats, or muscal pulses

Back 88

measure (bar)

Front 89

group of five lines in which pitch is written

Back 89

staff

Front 90

combines both treble and bass clefs (11 lines)

Back 90

grand staff

Front 91

short lines added above and below the staff

Back 91

ledger lines

Front 92

notes that are high pitches

Back 92

treble clef (G clef)

it looks like:

Front 93

notes that are low pitches

Back 93

bass clef (F clef)

it looks like:

Front 94

raises a pitch 1/2 step

Back 94

sharp

it looks like:

Front 95

lowers a pitch 1/2 step

Back 95

flat

it looks like:

Front 96

cancels a previous accidental

Back 96

natural

it looks like:

Front 97

highest female vocal part

Back 97

soprano

Front 98

female vocal range between alto and soprano

Back 98

mezzo-soprano

Front 99

highest male vocal range

Back 99

tenor

Front 100

male vocal part of a middle range, between higher tenor and lower bass

Back 100

baritone

Front 101

lowest male vocal range

Back 101

bass

Front 102

a singer declaims, rather than sings, a text at only approximate pitch levels

Back 102

sprechstimme

Front 103

depresses a key that drives a lever upward and forces a pick to pluck a string

Back 103

harpischord

Front 104

violin, viola, cello, string bass, harp, guitar, mandolin, banjo, lute

Back 104

strings

Front 105

piccolo, flute, recorder, oboe, english horn, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone

Back 105

woodwinds

Front 106

trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba

Back 106

brass

Front 107

timpani, xylophone, chimes, marimba, glockenspiel, vibraphone, celesta, triangle, cymbals, gong, snare drum, tambourine

Back 107

percussion

Front 108

character or quality of a musical tone as determined by its harmonics and its attack and decay

Back 108

timbre

Front 109

large instrumental ensemble that plays symphonies, overtures, concertos and the like

Back 109

orchestra

Front 110

music, usually instrumental, performed in a small concert hall or private residence with just one performer on each part

Back 110

chamber music

Front 111

standard instrumental ensemble for chamber music consisting of first and second violin, a viola, and a cello

Back 111

string quartet

Front 112

an instruction to string players to play with the wood of the bow instead of the hairs

Back 112

col legno

Front 113

performer slides the bow towards the bridge, making a fingernail on chalkboard sound

Back 113

sul ponticello

Front 114

process whereby a performer plucks the strings rather than bowing them

Back 114

pizzicato

Front 115

bow can be drawn across multiple strings at a time

Back 115

multiple/double stops

Front 116

slight and continual wobbling of the pitch produced on a string instrument or by voice

Back 116

vibrato

Front 117

device of sliding up and down the scale rapidly

Back 117

glissando

Front 118

any device that muffles sound

Back 118

mute

Front 119

secondary tones above a fundamental pitch that tekn in sum help for the totality of that sound

Back 119

harmonics/overtones

Front 120

rapid alternation of two neighboring pitches

Back 120

trill

Front 121

musical tremor produced by a string instrument by repeating the same pitch with quick up and down strokes of the bow

Back 121

tremolo

Front 122

the various levels of volume, loud and soft, at which sounds are produced in a musical composition

Back 122

dynamics

Front 123

in musical notation, a dynamic mark indicating "very soft"

abbreviation:

Back 123

piannissimo (pp)

Front 124

in musical notation, a dynamic mark indicting "soft"

abbreviation:

Back 124

piano (p)

Front 125

notation between soft and loud

Back 125

mezzo piano (mp)

Front 126

notation between mezzo piano and forte

Back 126

mezzo forte (mf)

Front 127

in musical notation, a dynamic mark indicating "loud"

abbreviation:

Back 127

forte (f)

Front 128

in musical notation, a dynamic mark indicating "very loud"

abbreviation

Back 128

fortissimo (ff)

Front 129

a gradual increase in the volume of sound

abbrevation:

Back 129

crescendo (<)

Front 130

a gradual decrease in volume of sound

abbreviation:

Back 130

decrescendo/diminuendo (>)

Front 131

a sudden, loud attack on one note or chord

abbreviation:

Back 131

sforzando (sfz or sf)

Front 132

signifies a sudden change in dynamics

Back 132

subito

Front 133

the density and disposition of the musical lines that make up a musical composition

Back 133

texture

Front 134

a musical texture involving onlyl a single line of music with no accompaniment

Back 134

monophony

Front 135

a musical texture involving two or more simultaneously sounding lines, the lines are often independent

Back 135

polyphony (counterpoint)

Front 136

a contrapuntal form in which the individual voices enter and each in turn duplicates exactly the melody that the first voice played or sang

Back 136

canon

Front 137

voices or lines frequently use imitation

Back 137

imitative polyphony

Front 138

independent lines that do not imitate eachother

Back 138

nonimitative polyphony (free counterpoint)

Front 139

all the voices, or lines, mote to new pitches at roughly the same time, often referred to in contradiction to polyphony

Back 139

homophony

Front 140

the purposeful organization of the artists materials, in music, the general shape of a composition as perceived by the listener

Back 140

form

Front 141

repeating a sound

Back 141

repitition

Front 142

the music is repeated anew for each successive strophe

Back 142

strophic form

Front 143

theme continually returns but is varied by changing the notes of the melody, the harmony, the rhythm, or some other feature

Back 143

theme and variations

Front 144

a musical form consisting of two units (A and B) constructed to balance and complement each other

Back 144

binary form

Front 145

a three-part musical form in which the third section is a repeat of the first, hence, ABA

Back 145

ternary form