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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a consequence _
His poor grades were a consequence __ not studying |
a consequence of
His poor grades were a consequence OF not studying |
|
a debate _
They had a debate __ who would win the election |
a debate OVER
They had a debate OVER who would win the election |
|
a responsibility __
He had a responsibility __ his nation. |
a responsibility TO
He had a responsibilty TO his nation. |
|
a sequence __
An unfortunate sequence __ events occurred after hurrican Katrina |
a sequence OF
An unfortunate sequence OF events occurred after hurricane Katrina |
|
able __
She is not able __ climb a mountain |
able TO X
She is not able to climb a mountain |
|
access __
He does not have access __ the bank vault |
access TO
He does not have access TO the bank vault |
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agree __ (person/idea)
I do not agree __ George Bush's views on the enviornment, the Iraq War, healthcare, or social security. |
agree with (person/idea)
I do not agree WITH George Bush's views on the enviornment, the Iraq War, healthcare, or social security. |
|
allows __
If you own stock, you must allow __ the possibility that it will lose value. |
allows FOR
If you own stock, you must allow FOR the possibility that it will lose value. |
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appeal __
The slaves made an appeal __ their master's kindness |
appeal TO
The slaves made an appeal TO their master's kindness |
|
agree __ (plan or action)
We agreed _ the plan |
agree TO
We agreed to the plan |
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approve/disapprove __
They disapproved __ the way George Bush handled the Iraq war |
approve/disapprove of
They disapproved of the way George Bush handled the Iraq war |
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an instance __
Her speech was an instance __ pure joy |
an instance OF
Her speech was an instance OF pure joy |
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as a result __
Her lateness was a result __ traffic. |
as a result OF
Her lateness was a result OF traffic. |
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as good __
He does not think that ice cream tastes as good __ chocolate |
as good AS
He does not think that ice cream tastes as good AS chocolate |
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as great __
George Bush's popularity will never be as great __ Clinton |
as great AS
George Bush's popularity will never be as great AS Clinton |
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as many... __
The pound had as many cats __ dogs for sale |
as many... AS
The pound had as many cats as dogs for sale |
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as much __
He has as much patience __ kindness |
as much AS
He has as much patience as kindness NOTE MUCH IS USED FOR UNCOUNTABLE ITEMS |
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as X as __ Y
as X to Y built in parallelism! |
as X as to Y
|
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ask X __ Y
He asked Sara __ go to the store |
ask X TO Y
He asked Sara TO go to the store |
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associate __
He does not associate __ low class people |
associate WITH
He does not associate with low class people |
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attend __
He had to attend __ his wounds, or he would die |
attend TO
He had to attend TO his wounds, or he would die |
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attribute X __ Y
He hadn't attributed his poor grades __ his lack of studying |
attribute X to Y
He hadn't attributed his poor grades TO his lack of studying |
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based __
His judgement was based __ the evidence |
based ON
His judgement was based ON the evidence |
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be afraid __
There is no need to be afraid __ the dark |
be afraid OF
There is no need to be afraid OF the dark |
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believe X __ Y
We did not believe the artifiact __ authentic |
believe X to be Y
We did not believe the artifact TO BE authentic |
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better served __ X __ Y
He was better served __ the new capitalist government ___ the new communist regime |
better served BY X THAN BY Y
He was better served BY the new capitalist government THAN BY the new communist regime |
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THEN VS THAN
|
Than, a conjunction, is used to compare things.
Then, an adverb, is used with descriptions of time. • Then, suddenly, Mr. Perez shouted, “I’m a better diver than you’ll ever be!” • I think she looks dangerously skinny, but then, what do I know? |
|
better __
She speaks better __ he does |
better THAN
She speaks better THAN he does |
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both X __ Y
|
built in parallelism
|
|
Capable _
He is capable __ great things |
Capable OF
He is capable OF great things |
|
centers __
His decision to buy the car centers __ whether the dealer throws in a sun roof. |
centers ON
His decision to buy the car centers on whether the dealer throws in a sun roof. |
|
claim __
Jack does not claim __ physically fit |
claim TO BE
Jack does not claim TO BE physically fit |
|
compare __ (similarities)
Jack was compared __ a giant bear |
compare TO (similarities)
Jack was compared TO a giant bear |
|
compare __ (dissimilarites)
Compared __ you, I am very slim |
compare WITH (dissimilarites)
Compared WITH you, I am very slim |
|
concerned __
He was not concerned __ his passengers safety |
concerned WITH
He was not concerned WITH his passengers safety |
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conform __
His artwork does not conform __ established norms |
conform TO
His artwork does not conform TO established norms |
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connection __ X __ Y
The foolish doctor did not see the connection __ Jack's cholesterol level __ his heart and his heart attack. |
connection BETWEEN X AND Y
The foolish doctor did not see the connection between Jack's cholesterol level and his heart and his heart attack. |
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consider X __ Y
She does not consider Sara __ a real photographer |
consider XY (without TO BE
She does not consider Sara a real photographer |
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contend __
Joel contends __ you are lying |
contend THAT
Joel contends that you are lying |
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contrast __
If you contrast Jack __ Erich, you will find Erich is healthier |
contrast X WITH Y
If you contrast Jack with Erich, you will find Erich is healthier |
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credited ___
Edison is credited __ inventing the lightbulb |
credited WITH
Edison is credited WITH inventing the lightbulb |
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give credit __
I have to give you credit __ working so hard |
give credit FOR
I have to give you credit FOR working so hard |
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declare
|
DECLARE XY
He declared Tim Insane |
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defined __
She defined rich __ having more than 5 million in the bank The employee handbook defined tardiness __ being more than 5 minutes late |
defined AS
Wealthy is defined AS having more than 5 million in the bank The employee handbook defined tardiness AS being more than 5 minutes late |
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demand __
My boss demanded __ I apologize for cursing at the customer |
demand THAT
My boss demanded THAT I apologize for cursing at the customer |
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dependent __
depends __ Getting good grades in school is generally dependent __ how much studying you do |
dependent ON
depends ON Getting good grades in school is generally dependent ON how much studying you do |
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depends _____
Our place in the playoffs depends ___ we win tonight |
depends ON WHETHER
Our place in the playoffs depends ON WHETHER we win tonight |
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depicted __
He was depicted __ an axe murderer |
depicted AS
He was depicted AS an axe murderer |
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determined __
His raise will be determined __ how many cars he sells next month |
determined BY
His raise will be determined BY how many cars he sells next month |
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differ ___
different ___ The CAT is very different ___ the paper and pencil GMAT. |
differ FROM
different FROM The CAT is very different FROM the paper and pencil GMAT. |
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disagree __ (person/idea)
I disagree __ Jack |
disagree WITH (person/idea)
I disagree WITH Jack |
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discourage __
He was discouraged ___ attending the event I tried to discourage Jack __ eating too much fat |
discourage FROM
He was discouraged FROM attending the event I tried to discourage Jack FROM eating too much fat |
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dispute ___
People dispute ____ George BUsh really won the election |
dispute WHETHER
People dispute WHETHER George BUsh really won the election |
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distinguish ___ X ___ Y
The auditors couldn't distinguish ___ domestic __ international production |
distinguish between X and Y
The auditors couldn't distinguish BETWEEN domestic AND international production |
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distinguish X __ Y
Juries must attempt to distinguish truth __ falsehood. |
distinguish X from Y Juries must attempt to distinguish truth from falsehood.
|
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doubt ___
I doubt __ I will score less than a 700 on the GMAT |
doubt THAT
I doubt THAT I will score less than a 700 on the GMAT |
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either X __ Y
I will buy either a cat __ a dog I will be either happy __ sad |
either X OR Y
I will buy either a cat OR a dog BUILT IN PARALLELISM |
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enable
The battery will enable the car __ run |
enable X TO Y
The battery will enable the car TO run |
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encourage
The raise will encourage eric __ work harder |
encourage X TO Y
The raise will encourage eric TO work harder |
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enough X __ Y
He has enough money __ he can afford to spulrge |
enough X THAT Y
He has enough money THAT he can afford to spulrge |
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estimated __
The damage was estimated __ nearly 20 billion dollars |
estimated TO BE
The damage was estimated TO BE nearly 20 billion dollars |
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except __
Everyone was present, except __ Jack |
except FOR
Everyone was present, except FOR Jack |
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expect __
We don't expect __ lose tomorrow night's game |
expect TO
We don't expect __ lose tomorrow night's game |
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fascinated __
We were fascinated __ his math ability |
fascinated BY
We were fascinated BY his math ability |
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forbid
We forbid you __ go |
forbid TO
We forbid you TO go |
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identical __
Some idioms in English are identical __ Dutch idioms |
identical WITH
Some idioms in English are identical WITH Dutch idioms |
|
in contrast __
His body odor, in contrast __ his breath, is appalling |
in contrast __
His body odor, in contrast __ his breath, is appalling |
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in danger __
She is in danger __ getting a sunburn if she doesnt put on sunscreen |
in danger OF
She is in danger OF getting a sunburn if she doesnt put on sunscreen |
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independent __
His country is now independent __ authortarian rule |
independent FROM
His country is now independent FROM authortarian rule |
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indifferent ___
The Federal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent __ political considerations. |
indifferent FROM
The Federal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent from political considerations. |
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indifferent __
Some countries are indifferent __ human rights. |
indifferent towards
Some countries are indifferent towards human rights. |
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insist __
I insist __ you take a shower |
insist THAT
I insist that you take a shower |
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interaction
A blackhole is formed through the interaction __ a star's mass and gravity |
interaction OF
A blackhole is formed through the interaction of a star's mass and gravity |
|
isolated __
He has become very isolated __ his family |
isolated FROM
He has become very isolated FROM his family |
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just as
Just as I have fallen from grace, __ will you. |
just as X so Y
Just as I have fallen from grace, __ will you. |
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know __
I know __ the dishes before I go out tonigh |
know TO DO
I know TO DO the dishes before I go out tonigh |
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less __
He had less patience __ sympathy |
less X THAN Y
He had less patience than sympathy |
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likely __
He is not likely __ on time |
likely TO BE
He is not likely to be on time |
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mandate __
There was a mandate __ you remove your shoes upon entering |
mandate THAT
There was a mandate THAT you remove your shoes upon entering |
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mistake
I mistook you __ someone else. |
mistake X for Y
I mistook you FOR someone else. |
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modeled ___
The town's economy is modeled ___ NYC |
modeled AFTER
The town's economy is modeled AFTER NYC |
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more ___
Companies demand MBA graduates now __ |
more THAN EVER
Companies demand MBA graduates now than ever |
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more X __ Y
He had more charm __ patience |
more X THAN Y
He had more charm THAN patience. BUILT IN PARALLELISM |
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more common
Illiteracy is more common among inner city blacks __ inner city whites |
more common AMONG X THAN Y
Illiteracy is more common among inner city blacks than inner city whites |
|
native (adjective)
The oriole is native __ Texas |
native TO (adjective)
The oriole is native TO Texas |
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native (as noun)
Mel Gibson is a native __ Australia |
native OF (as noun)
Mel Gibson is a native OF Australia |
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Neither...
Neither Tom __ Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job |
Neither X nor Y
Neither Tom nor Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job |
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no less...
|
no less ... than
|
|
no less __ X __ Y
|
no less WAS X THAN WAS Y
|
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not only
He is not only attractive __ rich |
not only BUT ALSO
He is not only attractive but also rich |
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not so much X __ Y
He was not so much attractive __ rich |
not so much X AS Y
He was not so much attractive AS rich |
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not X __ Y
He was not crying __ laughing |
not X BUT RATHER Y
He was not crying but rather laughing |
|
noted
We noted __ he had come up with the new marketing idea |
noted THAT
We noted THAT he had come up with the new marketing idea |
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permit
We did not permit Tibet __ leave the house |
permit X to Y
We did not permit Tibet TO leave the house |
|
persuade
I tried to persuade Jack __ excercise |
persuade X TO Y
I tried to persuade Jack TO excercise |
|
prefer
I prefer caviar __ escargot |
prefer X TO Y
I prefer caviar TO escargot |
|
prohibit
The FBI prohibit cancer patients __ growing pot |
prohibit X FROM Y
The FBI prohibit cancer patients FROM growing pot |
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potential
I have the potential __ score a 720 on the GMAT |
potential
I have the potential __ score a 720 on the GMAT |
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range
he GMAT scores at top business schools will range _ 650 _ 750. |
range from X to Y
The GMAT scores at top business schools will range from 650 to 750. |
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requiring ___
They are requiring __ you attain at least a 700 on the GMAT |
requiring THAT
They are requiring THAT you attain at least a 700 on the GMAT |
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requiring
The border patrol are requiring Jack __ dispose of his pot |
requiring X to + infinitive
requiring The border patrol are requiring Jack TO dispose of his pot |
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whether vs if
|
Use 'whether' when there are two possibilities.
Use 'if' in conditional statements. Eduardo wasn't sure whether he could make it to the party. If Edcardo comes to the party, he will bring a bottle of wine. |
|
Each vs. all or both
|
Use 'each' when you want to emphasize the separateness of the items.
Use 'both' (for two things) or 'all' (for more than two things) when you want to emphasize the togetherness of the items. Each of the doctors had his own specialty. Both of the women went to Bryn Mawr for their undergraduate degrees. |
|
rates
The fed will cut interest rates __ mortgages |
rates FOR
The fed will cut interest rates FOR mortgages |
|
responsible
You are responsible ___ the child. |
Responsible...for
You are responsible for the child. |
|
resulting
His constant studying is not resulting __ improved grades |
resulting IN
His constant studying is not resulting IN improved grades |
|
retroactive
My latest raise is retroactive __ last month |
retroactive TO
My latest raise is retroactive to last month |
|
subscribe __
Business school students should subscribe __ the Wall Street Journal. |
subscribe to
Business school students should subscribe to the Wall Street Journal. |
|
so
This book was designed so __ you could self study |
SO THAT
So should not be used as an adjective: GMAT preparation is so... boring. Use it with "that." This guide is designed so that you may raise your score. |
|
save __
Save __ William, no one else passed the exam. save __ Many people use business school to save them __ dull jobs. |
save for
Save for William, no one else passed the exam. save from Many people use business school to save them from dull jobs. |
|
__ not to be hindered __
They put her in a home __ not to be hindered __ her incontinence |
so as not to be hindered by
They put her in a home so as not to be hindered by her incontinence |
|
sacrifice
I will not sacrifice flavor __ afforability when I dine |
sacrifice X for Y
sacrifice X FOR Y I will not sacrifice flavor for afforability when I dine |
|
seek
He seeks __ save your soul. I seek __ truth. |
seek TO
He seeks to save your soul. seek + infinitive seek + thing/person |
|
Seem __ indicate
His test results seem __ indicate diabetes |
Seem TO indicate
His test results seem to indicate diabetes |
|
similar __
His new car is not similar __ his old one |
similar TO
His new car is not similar TO his old one |
|
so X __ Y
He is so sexy __ a model |
so X AS TO BE Y
He is so sexy AS TO BE a model |
|
in contrast ------- in contrast to
in contrast with -- leads to association , in contrast to leads to direction. |
in contrast ------- in contrast to
in contrast with -- leads to association , in contrast to leads to direction. |
|
SO X __ Y
|
So X THAT Y
|
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So X __ Y
|
So X as to constitute Y
|
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such X __ Y __ Z
|
such X as Y and Z
|
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targeted
The ads were targeted __ kids |
targeted AT
The ads were targeted AT kids |
|
the more X __ Y
The more you scratch it, the _ the rash will become |
the more X the greater Y
The more you scratch it, the greater the rash will become |
|
rivalry _ X _ Y
The rivalry _ the Boston Red Sox _ the New York Yankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports. |
rivalry between X and Y The rivalry between the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports.
|
|
the rivals X _ Y
The rivals Eric _ Jack fought often |
the rivals X and Y
The rivals Eric and Jack fought often |
|
tie __
The contract should be tied __ concessions. transmit __ The communications system will transmit __ anyone within range. |
tie to
The contract should be tied to concessions. transmit to The communications system will transmit to anyone within range. |
|
to result __
The US Housing Market Crash is set to result _ the Second Great Depression |
to result IN
The US Housing Market Crash is set to result IN the Second Great Depression |
|
the same to X as to Y
|
?
|
|
to think __ X __ Y
To think __ Harry Potter __ a wizard is absurd |
to think OF X AS Y
To think of Harry Potter as a wizard is absurd |
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used + infinitive
Japan used to be the model industrial economy. to be + used to + gerund After five practice tests, he was used to the GMAT CAT format. |
x
|
|
used
The hostages were used _ shields |
used AS
The hostages were used AS shields |
|
view X __ Y
I viewed him __ a superstar |
view X AS Y
I viewed him AS a superstar |
|
whether
They need to decide whether __ outsource |
whether TO
They need to decide whether TO outsource |
|
worried
I am very worried __ my GMAT test |
worried about (not over!!)
I am very worried about my GMAT test |
|
X enough to Y
|
?
|
|
X __ Y
His rock hard abs __ to rampant abuse of diet pills |
X IS ATTRIBUTED TO Y
His rock hard is attributed to rampant abuse of diet pills |
|
X out of Y (numbers)
|
?
|
|
regarded
Jack is regarded __ the smartest man in the world |
X regarded AS Y
Jack is regarded AS the smartest man in the world |
|
hypothetical conditionals:
IF CLAUSE / THEN CLAUSE |
For present unreal events:
If clause gets PAST TENSE - Then clause gets might/would + infinitive - to we put the verb in the condition clause one step back — into the past: If I WON the lottery I WOULD GIVE money away. * If the Bulls won another championship, Roberto would drive into Chicago for the celebration. I wish I had tickets. * If they were available anywhere, I would pay any price for them. * If he were a good friend, he would buy them for me. * subjunctive mood expresses desires, wishes If the hypothetical even occurs in the future: The IF clause goes back a step in time to the present and the THEN clause gets would/will/could + infinitive - to If clause gets present tense; then clause gets will + infinitive - to If I WIN the lottery I WILL GIVE money to charity If the Bulls WIN the game tomorrow, they WILL BE champs again If the hypothetical event occurs in the past the IF clause goes back a step further to the past perfect and the result or then clause gets would/could+have+ past participle If I had won the lottery, I would have given money to charity If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake |
|
subjunctive mood:
When both clauses in a conditional statement are untrue: When the subjunctive is used to express desire for someone else to do something and there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether or not it will happen: |
the for of to be is always WERE
If I WERE tall, I would be able to play basketball formed with THAT + INFINITVE - TO It is urgent THAT he SIGN the contract |
|
future tense
shows an action that began in the past but will continue until a patricular point in the future |
future perfect progressive. stresses the ongoing nature
WILL HAVE BEEN + PRES. PARTICIPLE I WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING on the treadmill FOR AN HOUR They WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING together for six years NEXT MAY She WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING to the laundromat for three years BY THE TIME SHE BUYS A CAR |
|
future tense
shoes an action or event that will be completed sometime in the future before another action or event occurs |
future perfect
WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I WILL HAVE WALKED six miles by the time you get out of bed tomorrow. the walking is completed before the future even They will have walked for over THREE HOURS when the charity race is over |
|
shows an action that will continue to happen in the future; an ongoing action that will continue after some completed event in the future
|
future progressive
WILL/SHALL BE + Present Participle She WILL BE WALKING down the street when he appears out of nowhere and scares her. |
|
present tense _
shows what is happening now, but stresses the ongoing nature |
present progressive
AM IS ARE + present participle I am walking |
|
past _
shows that the action occurred at a specific time in the past. The action has been completed by the time the sentence is spoken. |
was were + present participle
I was walking to the beach when you called They were walking through the park at midnigh |
|
present
shows something that happened in the past and continues into or still remains true in the present |
have/has + past participle
I have walked in your shows. They HAVE KNOWN each other for the longest time Our country HAS ENFORCED strict drug laws |
|
past _
used to show action in thepast that occured before another action in the past. |
past perfect
had +past particple I HAD WALKED to the store by the time you GOT off the phone |
|
past _
shows that an action started at some point in the past, continued for a short period of time, and was eventually interuppted or stopped by another even in the past |
past perfect progressive.
HAD BEEN + present participle I had been walking in the woods for an hour when I spotted a deer. |
|
present _
shows an action that started at some point in the past and has continued but is not yet completed. |
present perfect progressive
HAVE / HAS + Present part I have been walking with you since we moved into the neighborhood. They have been walking past the house every day for ten years. |
|
factual conditionals
|
factual conditional statements in the past receive a past tense verb in both clauses.
If we WERE in town for labor day, we always WENT to bob's house Real conditionals in the present get present tense in both clauses, If the grill turns off, the sausage gets cold Real conditionals in the future get a present tense verb in the conditional and a simple future tense in the "then" clause. If I PLAY horseshoes, I WILL CALL you |