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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non-invasive enteric infections |
*Bind to intestinal cells and release enterotoxins to cause watery diarrhea w/out fever
*Prox Small intestine affected
Vibrio cholera, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Giardia lamblia |
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Invasive enteric infections |
*Bind and enter intestinal cells to cause dysentery diarrhea (bloody/pus) w/ fever
*Colon affected - mucosa damaged
Enterinvasive E. coli, Enterhemorrhagic E. coli, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni |
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Enteric fever enteric infections |
*Mild diarrhea w/ systemic spread (bacteremia and enlarged lymph nodes)
*Distal small intestine affected
Salmonella typhi, Yersinia entercolitica |
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli |
Traveler's Diarrhea!!
rice-watery diarrhea (similar to cholera) after water contamination
*immunity transient |
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli |
Dysentery Diarrhea (bloody) after beef contamination
Strain O157:H7 associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).
Shiga-like toxin (inhibits 60S ribosome to kill intestine cells) -> antibiotics counterindicated |
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Enteroinvasive E. coli |
Blood/pus dysentary stool (similar to shiegella) due to contaminated milk/cheese
Shiga-like toxin -> fever and WBC in stool |
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What is the the #1 and #2 cause of neonatal meningitis? |
#1 = Group B strep
#2 = E. coli |
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What do the K, H, and O antigens found in Gm (-) bacteria code for? |
K = capsule H = flagella O = on LPS and for pili |
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What are the top 3 Gm (-) causes of sepsis? |
#1 E. coli #2 Klebsiella #3 P. aeruginosa |
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What 3 Gm (-) bacteria do NOT ferment lactose? |
Sheigella, Salmonella, P. aeurginosa |
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What is the #1 infectious cause of diarrhea? |
Campylobacter jejuni |
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Classification of Diarrhea Duration |
Acute = <14 days = probable bacterial cause, usually self-limiting Persistant = 14-30 days Chronic = greater than 30 days |
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Trx for E. coli infection |
CAT = Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, TMX/SMX |
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Shigella |
Causes dysentery diarrhea similar to Enteroinvasive E. coli w/ blood/pus and fever -- differentiate b/c E. coli ferments lactose and is motile while shigella is neither. Spread via fecal-oral
Shiga-like toxin - low innoculum and acid resistant
Self-limiting but may treat to limit spread. Rarely spreads to blood! |
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Salmonella |
S. typhi = enteric fever (typhoid fever) that occurs w/ animal-fecal/oral (associated w/ turtle) -> Temp/Pulse Dissociation + Rose-spot rash on abdomen. Associated w/ gallbladder disease
Also causes carrier state, sepsis (mainly in AIDS and sickle cell pts), osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, and gastroenteritis
Trx systemic infection only |
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Yersinia enterocolitca |
fecal-oral enteric infection that mimics appendicitis but has a + blood culture |
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#1 parasitic cause of diarrhea in US and its trx |
Giardia lamblia - trx w/ metranidazole
*B/c diarrhea is not bacterially caused, may become chronic |
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Yersina pestis |
Safety pin (bi-polar) appearance
Black Plague!! - Biosafety level 2/3. 2 forms 1) Bubonic - large lymph nodes (bubos) 2) Pneumonic - resp failure, person-to-person transmission, 100% fatal!
Trx = Streptomysin + Tetracycline |
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Vibrio Cholera |
Curved Gm (-) rod w/ 1 flagella on end
Makes Cholera toxin w/ A1 subunit that ADP-ribosylates adenylate cyclase to ↑ cAMP and thus cause watery rice-water diarrhea (similar to ETEC)
Due to contaminated water
Trx: Doxy and fluid |
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Vibrio parahemolyticus |
from contaminated seafood/shellfish
Severe in cirrhosis pts
Toxin mediated so no antibiotics |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
*looks like v. cholera (curved w/ flagella) Contaminated poultry/milk/water effecting jejunum and causing nonspecific diarrhea (watery/dysentary like)
Sequelae to reactive arthritis and Guillian Barre syndrome
Trx = macrolids and quinolones |
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Heliobacter pylori |
#1 causes of duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis. Associated w/ adenocarcinomas and MALT lymphomas
Breath test to ddx: drink radiolabeled urea, bacteria metabolizes to labeled CO2 that you breathe out
Trx = H+ pump inhib, bismuth salts, tetracycling, metronidazole |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
pyocyanin pigment, fruity smell, mucoid polysach
Causes (B. PSEUDO) - Burn infections, #1 Pneumonia is CF pts, Sepsis, Eye and External ear infections in healthy, UTIs, Diabetic Osteomyelitis -- All mainly in immunocom/hospital pts
*Notorious for nail-in-shoe infection on foot
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Haemophilus influenze |
pleomorphic and nutrionally fastidous (needs factor V and X), capsule
Causes (haeMOPhiluS) - Meningitis in kids, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Sepsis
Trx: 2nd/3rd gen cephalosporins, Augmentin, Quinolones, *HIB vaccine against type b capsule |
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Slow growing bacteria known to cause endocarditis (why blood cultures should left to incubate for long time) |
HACEK: Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella |
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Causes of bacterial meningitis in newborn |
*(0-3 mths - due to vaginal colonization) : Listeria, E. coli, Group B strep
*(6mths-3yrs) : H. influenzae, N. Meningitides |
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Francisella tularensis |
Causes tularemia spread by rabbits
2 types: 1) Ulcerogalndular = skin/mouth lesions, painful/swollen nodes, 2) Pneumonic = pneumonia w/ chest pain & hemoptesis
Trx = Streptomycin or Gent |
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Brucella melitensis |
Urease (+) zoonosis (found in cattle and milk) that lives intracellularly in phagocytes
Causes undulating fever, endocarditis, multi-organ infections
Trx = Doxy or Rifamp |
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Legionella |
Found in Aq. enviroments such as A.C. that lives intracellularly in phagocytes
Causes Legionnaires Disease (resp symp) or Pontiac Fever (mild, self-limiting)
Trx = Azithro, Cipro (resistant to Beta-lactams) |
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Bordetella pertusis |
Produces pertusis toxin that ADP-ribosylates to increase cAMP
Whooping cough w/ 3 stages: (1) Catarrhal - cold symp - can trx / Azithro, (2) Paroxysmal - several wks of whooping -- canNOT trx, (3) Convalescent -symp wane for 6mths |
