Glycolysis

Front 1

_______ catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the degradation of glycogen in animals by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond.

Back 1

Glycogen phosphorylase

Front 2

Reactions in glycolysis

Back 2

1) Phosphoryl transfer
2) Phosphoryl shift
3) Isomerization of hydroxy ketone into hydroxyaldehyde
4) Dehydration
5) Aldol cleavage

Front 3

Three portions of metabolism

Back 3

1) Catabolism
2) Anabolism
3) Amphibolic rxns

Front 4

Catabolism

Back 4

enzymatic degradation (typically) under the oxidative conditions of nutrient molec. Ex. glycolysis

Front 5

Anabolism

Back 5

Enzymatic typically reductive synthesis of all cellular molec.

Front 6

Amphibolic rxns

Back 6

Rxns that contribute both to catabolism and anabolism. Ex. Krebs cycle

Front 7

Differences btw catabolism and anabolism

Back 7

-Pathways are not identical
-Intracellular location is different
-Genetic and allosteric regulation
-Different committed steps

Front 8

Regulation

Back 8

-Intracellular processes
(regulation of enzyme activity, regulation of enzymatic levels, location of building blocks)
-Extracellular control (ex. hormones and neurons)

Front 9

Glucose can come from several sources

Back 9

-Phosphorylation of monosaccharides with ATP
-Hydrolyze starch
-Cleavage of glycogen

Front 10

There are also various rxns of glycolysis in the muscle and kidney

Back 10

D-fructose ---------> F-6-P+ADP
(ATP+hexokinase)

F-6-P ----------------->F-1-P+ADP
(ATP + fructokinase)

F-1-P-->DHAP+glyceraldehyde
(aldolase)

glyc -------> glyceraldehyde-3-P
(ATP+ triose kinase)

Front 11

For mannose and galactose

Back 11

D-mannose----> mannose-6-P

mannose-6-P ---> F-6-P
(phosphomannoisomerase)