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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glycolysis
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glucose to pyruvate -catobolic proces &
anabolic (alt pathways produce TG, AA, glycogen) |
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Glucose transport in Liver
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Glut 2
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Pyruvate kinase difficiency –
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cronic – jaundice, low RBC (hct), low RBC lifespan, low ATP, no Heinz bodies , splenomeglia
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Km of
1)hexokinase 2)glucokinase |
1) .1
2)5 |
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RLS of glycolysis
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PFK1 (phosphofructokinase)
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of hexokinase & glucokinase which is induced by insulin
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glucokinase
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Regulation of PFK-2
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+ stimulated by dephosphorylation in insulin world
*uses ATP |
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Regulation of PFK-1
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+ by AMP
+ by Fructose 2,6 bis phosphate *uses ATP |
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Enzymes that undergo Substrate level phosphorylation
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1) Phosphoglycerate kinase (glycolosis)
2) Pyruvate kinase (glycolosis) 3) Succinate Thiokinase (TCA cycle) |
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Which product of glycolysis binds to hemoglobin to reduce O2 affinity
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2,3 bisphosphoglycerate
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Pyruvate kinase deficiency
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hemolytic anemia
increased BPG No Heinz bodies |
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G6PDH deficinecy
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Hemolytic anemia
BPG normal increased Heinz bodies |
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Fates of pyruvate
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1)in RBC - anaerobic - lactate dehydrogenase takes pyruvate to lactate to recycle an NAD+
2) Aerobic - in cells w/ mitochondria |
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2 shuttles in aerobic glycolysis
what do they do? what are they? What is differnce in insulin world & glucagon world? |
Takes e- off NADH in cytosol to put them on NAD+ in mitochondria
1)Malate-Aspartate 2Glycerol-2-P Shuttle In insulin world bring e- from cytosol to mitochondria In glucagon world bring C from mitochondria to cytosol |
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SGOT-
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serum glutamate oxyloacetate transaminate-- indicates liver damage
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How many ATPs are generated in one run of Malate Aspartate shuttle and why?
Glycerol-3-Phosphate shuttle? |
1) Malate Aspartate produces NADH inside mitochondria and delevers them to COMPLEX 1 on ETC therefore produces 3 ATPs?
2)Glycerol Phosphate shuttle utilizes FADH2 inside mitochondria delevers them to CoQ on ETC therefore produces only 2 ATPs? |
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Where does energy come from in regards to mitochondria?
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pyruvate kinase rxn
-2ATP for every glucose |
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ATP production for 1 glucose:
1)anaerobic glycolysis 2)aerobic glycolysis |
1)2 ATP (PEP - Pyruvic)
2)2 ATP (PEP - Pyruvic)+ 6 (NADH + H+ -- NAD) |
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ATPs produced from burning glucose molecule?
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36-38ATP
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2,3-bisphosphoglycerate necessary for what in RBC
Why? |
binds to decrease RBC affinity for O2 -- shift curve to right
2,3bpg is a markier for increase glucose. If we have a lot of glucose we have a lot of energy and need to let O2 get to the tissues for metabolism |
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What 4 sensors shift the affinity of hgb for O2 to the right?
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1)2,3 BPG
2) increased H+ 3) increased CO2 3 increased temp ** all signs of increased energy metabolism*** |
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ethenol oxidation
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7 kcal/gm
generates a lot of NADH but decreases ability to take energy from glucose |
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Describe compartmentalization in regards to triglyceride storage in adiposites and the interplay of glycerol-3-p dehydrogenase & glycerol kinase?
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glycerol 3 P is recycled in liver via glycerol kinase. glycerol kinase is not present in adiposites.
Glycerol 3 P dehydrogenase is present in both liver & adiposites. |
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What are the 3 points of regulation in glycolosis?
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1)Kexokinase/glucokinase(+ by insulin)
2)Phosphofructokinase ([+AMP& F-26-BP][-ATP & Citrate] 3)Pyruvate Kinase (- Phosphorylation {cAMP dependant} & alanine] [+ F-1,6-P] |
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Pyruvate Kinase regulation
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pyruvate Kinase activated by dephosphorylation in a high insulin/glucagon ratio or after a high carbohydrate meal
It is inactivated by phosphorylation in low insulin/glucagon ratio during fasting. |
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Protein Phosphorylase regulation
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Protein Phosphorylase is activated in low insulin/glucagon ratio during fasting
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Fructose 2,6 Bisphosphate production
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in high insulin/glucagon ratio after a high carb meal we increase phosphofructokinase-2 activity to form Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
In a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio, during fasting we phosphorylate and increase Fructose 2,6 Bisphosphatase activity to decrease production of fructose 2,6 Bisphosphate |
