Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What regulates the glycogen metabolism?
|
1. blood glucose level.
2. glucose-6-phosphate. 3. AMP in muscle. 4. Calcium ions. |
|
|
What activate(s) glcogenolysis?
|
-low blood sugar
-increased glucagon (fasting): activate cAMP -epinephrine (exercise, stress): activate cAMP -high cAMP activate phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, thus, glycogenolysis. |
|
|
how does insulin promote glycogenesis?
|
- reducing cAMP level
-dephoshorylation of phosphorylase and synthase by activating protein phosphatase-1 |
|
|
what are among the glycogen storage disease?
|
1.inherited disorders:
-deposition of abnormal glycogen. -excess amount of normal glycogen. 2. lack of glycogen metabolising enzyme. |
|
|
what are the steps to glycogenolysis?
|
1. phosphorylysis by glycogen phosphorylase to break the alpha 1,4 linkage producing gluc-1-P
2. transferase remove terminal 3 glucose and attach the to end C4 of a branch. 3. alpha-1,6-glucosidase debranch by cleaving the 1,6 bond making it free glucose. 4. further breakdown by phosphorylase. |
|
|
what are the steps in glycogenesis?
|
1. formation of activated glucose. (UDPGluc)
2. formation of a-1,4-linkage with activated glucose: attach to terminal glucose of pre-existing glycogen or tyrosine residue of glycogenin only. NOT WITH FREE GLUCOSE. 3. elongation of glycogen chain by glycogen synthase. 4. after aving at least 11 gucose residue in chain, formation of a-1,6-linkage by glucose branching enzyme. |
|
|
why are the branching of glycogen important?
|
1. make it more soluble.
2. increase number of non-reducing ends. 3. increase rate og glycogen synthesis. |
