Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Role of drainage basin
|
Water from the basin drains into the rivers or streams
|
|
|
River with highest gradient
|
Rivers moving down mountains
|
|
|
Floodplain
|
Flat areas adjacent to the river carved out by rivers
|
|
|
Loads make river appear murky or dirty
|
Suspended load
|
|
|
Increase during a flood, discharge or velocity?
|
Both because more water is flowing into a smaller space
|
|
|
Happens when a river reachers base level?
|
Velocity decreases, deposit sediment as alluvial fans or deltas, and widens
|
|
|
Meandering river run the fastest
|
Outside of the bend
|
|
|
Find cutbanks
|
Outside bc that's where the river erodes most
|
|
|
Expect result in flooding
|
Rain falling on an area where the ground is frozen, where soil has been saturated due to thunderstorms and developed into a housing community with new paced roads and sidewalks
|
|
|
Does it have to be raining to flood?
|
No rivers can flood well after rain has stopped and tributaries have added to bigger streams
|
|
|
False about positive effects of floods
|
Flooding is never positive and is always bad for human interests
|
|
|
Urbanization influence a river or stream
|
Decreases stream flow during dry season, increases the rate at which water flows to the river, increase magnitude
|
|
|
Upstream floods
|
Occur in the puppet part of the basin
|
|
|
Upstream floods
|
Occur in the puppet part of the basin
|
|
|
Areas at risk of flooding
|
Any area that gets precipitation is at risk
|
|
|
Upstream floods
|
Occur in the puppet part of the basin
|
|
|
Areas at risk of flooding
|
Any area that gets precipitation is at risk
|
|
|
Mass wasting
|
Downslope movement of rock and/or soil
|
|
|
Environments susceptible to mass wasting
|
Steep/Rocky slope, gentle slope with deep soils, slope that has many buildings on it
|
|
|
Environments susceptible to mass wasting
|
Steep/Rocky slope, gentle slope with deep soils, slope that has many buildings on it
|
|
|
Most rapid form of mass wasting
|
Rock fall
|
|
|
Environments susceptible to mass wasting
|
Steep/Rocky slope, gentle slope with deep soils, slope that has many buildings on it
|
|
|
Most rapid form of mass wasting
|
Rock fall
|
|
|
Slump
|
Blocks of rock break off and move together along a curved path
|
|
|
Gentle sloping hillside with tilting utility poles, broken retaining walls and trees with curved tree trunks, mass wasting probably occurred.
|
Creep
|
|
|
Gentle sloping hillside with tilting utility poles, broken retaining walls and trees with curved tree trunks, mass wasting probably occurred.
|
Creep
|
|
|
Adding mass to the top of a slope in the form of houses/building make the mass or less likely to slide?
|
It would make it more likely to slide because the houses add weight to the slope making it more unstable
|
|
|
Not a way water contributes to slope failure
|
Water adds cohesion within the grains of the soil causing it to become unstable
|
|
|
Not a way water contributes to slope failure
|
Water adds cohesion within the grains of the soil causing it to become unstable
|
|
|
Highest incidence of landslide activity, the Rocky Mts or Appalachian Mts
|
The Appalachians bc they are older and more eroded
|
|
|
Human activity that can decrease the incidence of mass wasting
|
Improving drainage from the slope
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Causes of ground subsidence
|
Dissolving of rocks below surface, thawing of permafrost and compaction of loose sediment
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Causes of ground subsidence
|
Dissolving of rocks below surface, thawing of permafrost and compaction of loose sediment
|
|
|
Causes soil volume change
|
Changes in the water content of soil
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Causes of ground subsidence
|
Dissolving of rocks below surface, thawing of permafrost and compaction of loose sediment
|
|
|
Causes soil volume change
|
Changes in the water content of soil
|
|
|
Karst topography
|
Ragged surface characterized by caves and sinkholes
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Causes of ground subsidence
|
Dissolving of rocks below surface, thawing of permafrost and compaction of loose sediment
|
|
|
Causes soil volume change
|
Changes in the water content of soil
|
|
|
Karst topography
|
Ragged surface characterized by caves and sinkholes
|
|
|
Locations have climates that are favorable to cave formation
|
Kentucky
|
|
|
Urbanization increase incidences of landslides
|
Roads constructed altering the permeability of the land, they are placed on slopes which increases the weight on the slope, and roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
|
|
|
Drains help prevent landslides
|
Bc drains divert water away from the slope
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Sinking of the ground surface
|
|
|
Causes of ground subsidence
|
Dissolving of rocks below surface, thawing of permafrost and compaction of loose sediment
|
|
|
Causes soil volume change
|
Changes in the water content of soil
|
|
|
Karst topography
|
Ragged surface characterized by caves and sinkholes
|
|
|
Locations have climates that are favorable to cave formation
|
Kentucky
|
|
|
Most important mineral characterizes Expansive Soils
|
Clay
|
|
|
Very cold climate and looking at area with many sinkholes and jagged terrain, what would you be looking at?
|
Thermostat
|
|
|
Sinkholes related to water population
|
Sinkholes open up access to the groundwater by the surface
|
|
|
Sinkholes related to water population
|
Sinkholes open up access to the groundwater by the surface
|
|
|
Climate change contribute to the subsidence problem
|
Permafrost will melt causing subsidence
|
|
|
Hydrology
|
Study of the water cycle
|
|
|
Hydrology
|
Study of the water cycle
|
|
|
Surface drainage (runoff)
|
Finds it's way to small streams which merge as tributaries to form a larger stream or rivers
|
|
|
Hydrology
|
Study of the water cycle
|
|
|
Surface drainage (runoff)
|
Finds it's way to small streams which merge as tributaries to form a larger stream or rivers
|
|
|
Ohio river is a tributary of the Mississippi River
|
Ex
|
|
|
Hydrology
|
Study of the water cycle
|
|
|
Surface drainage (runoff)
|
Finds it's way to small streams which merge as tributaries to form a larger stream or rivers
|
|
|
Ohio river is a tributary of the Mississippi River
|
Ex
|
|
|
Drainage basin "watershed"
|
Area drained by a single steam or river
|
|
|
Hydrology
|
Study of the water cycle
|
|
|
Surface drainage (runoff)
|
Finds it's way to small streams which merge as tributaries to form a larger stream or rivers
|
|
|
Ohio river is a tributary of the Mississippi River
|
Ex
|
|
|
Drainage basin "watershed"
|
Area drained by a single steam or river
|
|
|
Divide
|
Typographically high area that separated drainage basins
|
|
|
Alluvium
|
Deposits of river and streams
|
|
|
Alluvial fan
|
Fan shaped deposit on land
|
|
|
Braided Rivers
|
-network of dividing/rejoining channels
-occurs when more sediment is supplied -broad, shallow channels -steep gradient -"bed load transport streams" |
|
|
Meandering rivers
|
Single sinuous channel with broadly lopping curves know as meanders, channels are semicircular in cross section
|
|
|
Meandering rivers
|
Single sinuous channel with broadly lopping curves know as meanders, channels are semicircular in cross section
|
|
|
Cut bank
|
Erosional
|
|
|
Meandering rivers
|
Single sinuous channel with broadly lopping curves know as meanders, channels are semicircular in cross section
|
|
|
Cut bank
|
Erosional
|
|
|
Point bar
|
Depositional
|
|
|
Oxbow lakes
|
Cut off from river
|
|
|
Oxbow lake form
|
More extreme, eventually a loop may be cut off from the rest of the channel, produced isolated
|
|
|
Delta
|
Triangular or irregularly shaped deposit onto a larger body of water
|
|
|
Upstream floods
|
Occur in upper parts of drainage basins, produced by intense rainfall of shirt duration over a relatively small area
|
|
|
Upstream floods
|
Occur in upper parts of drainage basins, produced by intense rainfall of shirt duration over a relatively small area
|
|
|
Flash floods
|
Sudden and of relatively great volume
|
|
|
Downstream floods
|
Occur in lower parts of the drainage basin, cover wide area and produced by storms of long duration that saturate the soil and produce increased runoff
|
|
|
Secondary effect of flooding
|
Pollution, hunger and disease, displacement of now-homeless people
|
|
|
Physical barriers
|
Earthern levees, concrete flood walls, reservoirs for water storage storm water retention basins
|
|
|
Primary effects of flooding
|
Injury, loss of life, damage cause by currents debris and sediment, and loss of soil and vegetation
|
|
|
Natural service function of floods
|
Floodplains are some of the most fertile and productive agricultural areas in the world. Aswan High dam
|
|
|
Natural service function of floods
|
By flushing out stream channeled and removing debris floods have a positive effect on aquatic life
|
|
|
Natural service function of floods
|
Without sedimentation supplied by floods, many areas experience subsidence. Ex Mississippi River delta
|
|
|
Human interaction. Land use changes
|
Anything that may affect a steams sediment or water volume may set into motion a series of events that changes the river and can increase flooding
|
|
|
Human interaction. Dam construction
|
Upstream water slows down and deposits sediment, forming a delta, while downstream, channel erosion will predominate and slope will decrease ex: three gorges dam china
|
|
|
Three Gorges Dam
|
Greatly increase risk of landslides. 1.3 million ppl have been displaced
|
|
|
Impervious cover
|
Land covered by roofs, pavement, cement whee infiltration of surface water is blocked and surface runoff is increased
|
|
|
Storm sewers
|
Carry runoff to steam channels much more quickly than normal
|
