Gly 1000 Exam 3

Front 1

the study of the occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water on Earth and in its atmosphere.

Back 1

hydrology

Front 2

sum of all rainwater on the surface

Back 2

runoff

Front 3

mass of water stored below the Earth’s surface. Water stored in rock and soil.

Back 3

groundwater

Front 4

portion of volume of a material that consists of open spaces

Back 4

porosity

Front 5

measure of the speed at which fluid can travel through a porous medium. How connected pore spaces are.

Back 5

permeability

Front 6

portion of soil and rock near the surface in which open spaces are filled primarily with air (aka unsaturated zone)

Back 6

zone of aeration

Front 7

zone in which pore spaces are filled with air

Back 7

saturated zone

Front 8

boundary between zone of aeration and saturated zone

Back 8

groundwater table

Front 9

infiltration of water into the subsurface

Back 9

recharge

Front 10

opposite of recharge-release of groundwater to the surface

Back 10

discharge

Front 11

body of rock that is sufficiently water permeable to yield economically significant quantities to wells and springs

Back 11

aquifer

Front 12

body of relatively impermeable rock that is capable of absorbing water slowly but does not transmit it rapidly enough to supply a well or spring.

Back 12

aquiclude

Front 13

locations where the water table intersects the ground

Back 13

springs

Front 14

overpumping leads to Cone of Depression and salt water is drawn in

Back 14

saltwater intrusion

Front 15

body of water flowing in a channel. The floor of the channel is called the bed

Back 15

stream

Front 16

area of land surrounded by topographic divides in which all the water is directed to a single point

Back 16

drainage basin

Front 17

cross-sectional view or profile of a river-the height of a riverbed at any point in its course

Back 17

longitudinal profile

Front 18

elevation at which a stream enters a large body of water such as a lake or ocean

Back 18

base level

Front 19

in which neither erosion nor deposition is occurring, due to an equilibrium of slope, velocity, and discharge

Back 19

graded stream

Front 20

cone shaped or fan-shaped accumulations at a steep slope change

Back 20

alluvial fans

Front 21

a material’s resistance to flow. Higher viscosity=slower flowing

Back 21

viscosity

Front 22

fluid moves in straight lines or slightly curved paths. Streamlines do not cross

Back 22

laminar flow

Front 23

irregular, swirling flow, streamlines cross, occurs at most rates of stream flow, keeps smaller particles in suspension

Back 23

turbulent flow

Front 24

total amount of water that passes a given point in a stream per unit of time

Back 24

discharge

Front 25

location of a significant sedimentation where a river meets the sea

Back 25

delta

Front 26

natural flow of air that is parallel to the surface of a rotating planet

Back 26

wind

Front 27

geological processes driven by wind

Back 27

Eolian

Front 28

in the NORTHERN hemisphere, currents are to the right (clockwise), in the SOUTHERN hemisphere, currents are to the left (counterclockwise)

Back 28

Coriolis effect

Front 29

blanket of sediment composed of fine-grained particles

Back 29

loess

Front 30

permanent or temporary lakes that occur in mountain valleys or basins

Back 30

Playa lake

Front 31

body of ice, snow, firn, and meltwater, lying wholly or mostly on land, showing evidence of present or former motion

Back 31

glacier

Front 32

Accumulation < ablation

Back 32

glacier front recedes

Front 33

accumulation > ablation

Back 33

glacier front advances

Front 34

restricted to mountains

Back 34

alpine glaciers

Front 35

cover extremely large areas

Back 35

continental glaciers

Front 36

scraping of scratching of bedrock material by ice (brittle)

Back 36

abrasion

Front 37

entrainment of fractured bedrock into the ice

Back 37

plucking

Front 38

an amphitheater-like hollow, usually shaped like half of an inverted cone, formed at the head of a glacial valley by the plucking and tearing action of ice

Back 38

cirque

Front 39

ridges of till deposited at cert places in glaciers (end, lateral, medial)

Back 39

moraine

Front 40

large, streamlined hill of till and bedrock that parallels the past direction of glacial movement

Back 40

drumlin

Front 41

long, narrow, winding ridges of sand, can be Km long, roughly parallel to the direction of ice movement, deposited by meltwater streams exiting the base of the glacier

Back 41

esker

Front 42

the shape of Earth’s orbit around the Sun

Back 42

eccentrity