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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From where to where does the gluteal region extend?
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From the iliac crest to the gluteal fold (a crease in the skin where the dermis is fused to the deep fascia)
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What is the cleft between the buttocks called?
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The natal or intergluteal cleft.
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What structure recieves the head of the femur?
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The acetabulum.
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WHen does the fusion of the pubus, ischium, and ilium occur?
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In the mid 20s
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What connects the head of the femur to the shaft?
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The neck of the femur
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What are the distal expansions of the femur called?
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Medial/lateral condyle.
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What aspect of the femur is the lesser trochanter located?
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Posterior
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What is the intertrochanter line? Which aspect of the femur is it on?
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The line between the lesser and greater tubercle (on anterior aspect)
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What is the intertrochanter crest? Which aspect of the femur is it on?
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Between the lesser and greater trochanter on the posterior aspect of the femur.
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Where is the gluteal tuberosity?
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Inferior to the lesser trochanter on the inferior aspect of the femur.
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What does the gluteal tuberosity blend into inferiorly?
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The linea aspera.
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Where does the linea aspera split into two lines?
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At the supracondyle ridges.
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What does the linea aspera and supracondyle ridges serve as a point of attachment for?
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Intermuscular septa
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What is the area between the supracondyle ridges called?
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The popliteal surface.
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Who has the greater average distance between the heads of the femurs, male or female?
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Female, their pelvis is wider to accomodate birth.
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What is the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur called? What is the normal range/average for this angle?
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The angle of inclination. It is 115-140 degrees with a 126 degree median.
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What is it called when the angle of inclination is greater than 140 degrees? What will happen to the knees?
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Coxa valgus, bow legged knees will result.
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What is it called when the angle of inclination is less than 115 degrees? What will happen to the knees?
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It is called coxa varus, knocked knees will result.
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What are the 2 dominant dermatomes in the posterior gluteal region? Give the 3 that are there in order from most lateral to medial.
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Mostly S1 and S2
L5 most lateral, S1, S2 medial |
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What nerve innervates the fascia of the posterior thigh?
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
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Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh originate from? What does it run with?
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It is from S1 and S2. It runs with the sciatic nerve.
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Which nerve innervates more skin than any nerve in the body?
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Posterior cutaneous nerve.
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Are there any major veins in the superficial fascia of the posterior gluteal ?
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NO!
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What is the deep fascia that attaches to the crest of the ileum called?
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Fascia lata.
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Where does fascia lata attach?
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to the crest of the ilium and the lateral condyle of the tibia. (crosses the knee).
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What does the fascia lata continue inferiorly as?
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The iliotibial tract or band.
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What is the iliotibial tract (broadly speaking)? What is its major purpose?
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Thickened deep fascia. It serves as a point of attachment for muscles of the thigh.
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Approximately how much of gluteus maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract?
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3/4
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What is the muscle that runs from the ASIS to the iliotibial tract called?
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Tensor fascia latae.
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What is the purpose of tensor fascia latae?
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Puts tension on the lateral thickening of fascia lata (iliotibial tract) and also helps stability of the knee joint.
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What are the 3 origins of Gluteus maximus?
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Ala of ileum
Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrum |
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Does gluteus maximus extend up to the iliac crest?
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NO!
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If you cut through the fascia latae just superior to gluteus maximus what muscle will you hit?
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Gluteus medius.
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What does the upper 3/4 of the gluteus maximus insert into? What is its other insertion?
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Upper 3/4 into the iliotibial tract. The rest goes into the gluteal tuberosity.
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Where would you NOT want to make an injection? Gluteus maximus or gluteus medius?
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Gluteus maximus, can hit the sciatic nerve.
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How can you find gluteus medius?
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Put your thumb on the ASIS and roll your fist around. Your fist will come to lie on gluteus medius.
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What is the action of gluteus maximus? Give some examples of when it would be used.
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Only needed for powerful hip extension (sitting, getting up from sitting, climbing stairs, running)
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Will gluteus maximus be used walking on a flat surface?
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NO!
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When someone stretches their leg out behind them they are undergoing hip _________.
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extension
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What is the origin of gluteus medius?
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The ilium wing.
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What is the insertion of gluteus medius?
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Greater trochanter of the femur.
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What is the origin of gluteus minimis?
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Ilium
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What is the insertion of gluteus minimis?
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Greater trochanter.
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Under what muscle can gluteus minimis be found?
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Gluteus medius.
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What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?
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ABduction of the hipjoint.
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Is the function of gluteus minimis and medius a normal part of gait?
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YES!
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What is the action of gluteus minimis and medius while walking?
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They contract and tip and stabilize the pelvis. This lifts up the nonwieght bearing side and allows for a free limb.
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If a person has a nonfunctional gluteus minimis and medius, describe their gait.
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A duck walk gait. They swing their foot out to prevent dragging.
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Lesion of what nerve will give a person a duck walk gait?
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Superior gluteal nerve
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What is trendelenburg sign?
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A person cannot tip thier pelvis/ stand on weak side/ lift good side due to gluteus minimus and medius not being functional.
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What are the 6 external rotators of the thigh?
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Piriformis, Superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internis, obturator externis, Quadratus femorus.
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What foramen does the piriformis run through?
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The greater sciatic foramen.
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What seperates superior and inferior gluteal arteries and nerves?
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Piriformis
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What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?
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Gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae.
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What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?
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Only gluteus maximus.
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Where does gluteus maximus get most of its blood supply from?
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Inferior gluteal artery.
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Where do the pudendal nerve and vessels run?
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Out through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis, back into lesser sciatic foramen.
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What are the attachments of piriformis?
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Pelvic side of sacrum, greater trochanter.
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What are the attachments of quadratus femorus?
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Ischial tuberosity, to part greater trochanter and part intertrochanter crest.
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What separates superior and inferior gemellus?
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Obturator internis.
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What are the attachments of superior gemellus?
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Ischial spine to greater trochanter.
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What are the attachments of superior gemellus?
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Ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter.
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Give the lateral rotators of the thigh in order from most superior to inferior.
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Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris, obturator externus (under QF)
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Where does the obturator internis tendon run through/to?
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Through the lesser sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter
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What supplies all the lateral rotators of the thigh?
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Branches from sacral plexus, EXCEPT for obturator externis.
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What supplies obturator externus? What is the origin of this nerve?
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Obturator nerve, L2 L3 L4
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What is the major arterial supply of the lateral rotators of the thigh?
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Inferior gluteal artery.
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What forms the compartments in the posterior thigh?
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Deep fascia latae attaching to the femur.
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What are the 3 compartments of the thigh? What are the actions of muscles in each?
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Anterior (knee extensors)
Posterior (knee flexors) Medial (Hip ADductors) |
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What covers the proximal part of posterior thigh muscles in the standing position?
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Gluteus maximus.
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Where do the hamstring muscles take origin from?
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Ischial tuberosity.
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What is the most lateral hamstring muscle?
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Long head of biceps femoris.
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Where does the long head of biceps femoris insert?
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Tendon to head of fibula.
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What hamstring muscle is medial to the long head of biceps femoris?
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Semimembranosous.
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Where does semimembranosus insert?
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Into a broad aponeurotic tendon
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What is the most medial of the hamstring muscles?
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Semitendonosus.
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Where does semitendonosus insert?
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Into a sharp, cord-like tendon.
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What do the hamstring muscles do?
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Flex the knee joint and help in hip extension on a flat surface.
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Where does the biceps femoris short head take origin?
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From linea aspira.
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Where does the short head of biceps femoris insert?
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Along with the long head into the head of the fibula.
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What are the 2 requirements of being a hamstring?
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Must take origin from ischial tuberosity
Must be innervated by tibial nerve. |
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What 2 nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
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Tibial and common fibula nerve in a common tissue sheath.
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Is the short head of the biceps femoris innervated by the tibial nerve?
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NO!
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Approximately how many people have no sciatic nerve?
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15%
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Does the sciatic nerve innervate anything?
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NO!
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Which way do the tibial and common fibula nerves split?
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Tibial towards the midline
common fibula passes laterally |
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Does the sciatic nerve innervate anything?
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NO!
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When you flex your knee you cannot extend your hips as far. What is this called? What is it due to?
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It is called active insufficiency. It is a muscle phenomenon.
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When you kick high you cannot keep your knee extended. WHat is this called and what is it due to?
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It is called passive insufficiency. YOu cannot stretch enough to allow maximum range of motion. THis is more due to CT wrappings as opposed to muscle issues.
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What supplies the hamstring muscles blood wise?
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Deep artery of the femoris that gives branches to the posterior compartment.
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