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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the skin of the gluteal region innervated by?
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-lateral cutaneous branches of T12
-iliohypogastric (L1) nerves -3 sets of cluneal nerves |
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What are the three sets of cluneal nerves?
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-Superior, from the lateral branches of DPR of L1-L3
-Middle, from lateral branches of DPR of S1-S3 -Inferior, branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
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Describe the superficial fascia of the gluteal region.
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-thick, superficial layer of fat
-continuous with the superficial fascia of the back, abdomen, perineum and the thigh |
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Describe the deep fascia of the gluteal region.
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-attached above to the crest of the ilium and the sacrum
-covers the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius -becomes continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh |
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Gluteus maximus
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O: posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament
I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract Inv: inferior gluteal n. A: extends the thigh (from the seated position) |
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Gluteus medius
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O: outer surface of the wing of the ilium and the deep fascia covering it
I: greater trochanter Inv: superior gluteal n. A: abduct and medially rotates the thigh, stabilizes the pelvis when walking (lifting foot off the ground) |
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Gluteus minimus
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O: outer surface of the wing of the ilium
I: greater trochanter Inv: superior gluteal n. A: abducts and medially rotates the thigh |
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Tensor fascia lata
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O: iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract Inv: superior gluteal n. A: medial rotation of the thigh and extension of the leg, can also flex the thigh (b/c it is ant. to the hip joint) |
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Piriformis
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O: pelvis surface of the sacrum and the sacrotuberous ligament
I: medial side of the greater trochanter Inv: nerve to the piriformis A: laterally rotates the thigh (turns it outward) |
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Obturator internus
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O: pelvis surface of the obturator membrane and the bone surrounding the membrane
I: greater trochanter Inv: nerve to the obturator internus A: laterally rotates the thigh |
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Superior gemellus
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O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter Inv: nerve to the obturator internus A: laterally rotates the thigh |
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Inferior gemellus
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O: ischial turberosity
I: greater trochanter Inv: nerve to the quadratus femoris A: laterally rotates the thigh |
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Quadratus femoris
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O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest Inv: nerve to the quadratus femoris A: laterally rotates the thigh |
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What is the cruciate anastomosis?
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Where the inferior gluteal a., lateral femoral circumflex a., medial femoral circumflex a, and the 1st perforating branch of the profunda femurs all meet at the hip joint. Forms a cross.
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What arteries nourish the gluteal region?
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Branches of the internal iliac artery.
-Superior gluteal a. (above piriformis) -Inferior gluteal a. (below piriformis) |
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What muscles do the superficial branch of the superior gluteal a. supply?
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Superficial branch supplies gluteus maximus.
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What muscles do the deep branches of the superior gluteal a. supply?
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-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus -Tensor fascia lata |
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What muscles do the inferior gluteal a. supply?
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-gluteus maximus
-obturator internus -both gemelli -quadratus femoris -superior part of hamstring muscles |
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What are the "hamstring" muscles?
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-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus -Long head of the biceps femoris By definition, a hamstring muscle must attach to the ischial tuberosity. |
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Semitendinosus
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O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of the tibia Inv: tibial division of the sciatic n. A: extends the thigh and flexes the leg |
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Long head of the biceps femoris
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O: ischial tuberosity
I: lateral tibial condyle and the head of the fibula Inv: tibial division of the sciatic n. A: extends the thigh and flexes the leg |
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Short head of the biceps femoris
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O:lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur
I: lateral tibial condyle and the head of the fibula Inv: peroneal division of the sciatic nerve A: extends the thigh and flexes the leg |
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Semimembranosus
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O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial and posterior surfaces of the medial condyle of the tibia Inv: tibial division of sciatic n. A: extends the thigh and flexes the leg |
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What arteries supply the muscles of the posterior thigh?
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-Four perforating branches of the profunda femoris a.
-inferior gluteal a. supplies muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity |
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What becomes of the femoral a. in the posterior thigh?
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It continues as the popliteal a. as it enters the popliteal fossa (behind the knee)
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What happens when the posterior hamstrings become paralyzed?
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Patients tend to fall forward.
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