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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the gluconeogenesis pathway?
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To make glucose primarily from pyruvate in order to maintain blood glucose levels.
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What tissues can perform gluconeogenesis?
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The liver and the kidneys.
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What steps of glycolysis must be carried out in gluconeogenesis in spite of energy barriers?
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pyruvate-->Phosphoenol pyruvate
F16bisphosphate-> fructose6phosphate Glucose6phosphate --> glucose |
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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In the cytosol.
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Where does gluconeogenesis take place?
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In the cytosol, mitochondria, and ER.
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What is the first reaction of gluconeogenesis?
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Pyruvat--> oxaloacetate using ATP CO2 and the pyruvate Carboxylase enzyme.
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Pyruvate Carboxylase requires what cofactor for the reaction to occur?
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Biotin
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Where does the first reaction of gluconeogenisis occur?
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pyruvate leaves the cytosol and enters the mitochondria by carrier mediated transport.
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What happens to the product of the first step of gluconeogenisis?
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Oxaloacetate can not diffuse out of the mitochondia, thus it must be converted to malate.
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What is the second reactioin of gluconeogenesis?
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Oxaloacetate --> Malate using NADH H and malate dehydrogenase.
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Where is malate dehydrogenase found in the cell.
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both on the inside and outside of the mitochondria.
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What happens to the malate created by the second reaction?
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It is able to pass accros the mitocondrial membrane using a malate shuttle.
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Once the malate exits the mitochondria what happens?
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The malate is turned back into oxaloacetate by the same enzyme that turned it into malate, malate dehydrogenase
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What is the 3rd reaction of gluconeogenesis?
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Oxaloacetate--> phosphoenolpyruvate.
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Once phosphoenolpyruvate is made, what happens?
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PEP can enter into a set of equilibrium reactions that are the reverse of glycolysis.
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What eventuall product is formed after PEP is reacted with the glycolysis enzymes?
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Fructose 1 6 bisphosphate, the product of the commited step of glycolysis.
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How dose a cell convert F16bisPhosphate into F6P when it is the commited step of glycolysis?
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The enzyme Fructose 1 6 bisphophatase is used. This enzyme is only found in the liver, kidney, and striated muscle.
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What enzyme can convert F6P to G6P?
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The same enzyme used in glycolysis, Phosphoglucose isomerase.
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How is G6P dephosphorylated?
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It is transported using translocase where it is dephosphorylated on the lumenal wall of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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how many translocas enzymes are used to move the products around?
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Three.
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What two approaches are used to get around barriers encountered in reversing the glycolysis pathway?
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Shuttleing molecules around and using new enzymes found only in certain tissues.
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