Glossery Of Terms Ap 12 Ihaha

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allegory

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a work that functions on a symbolic level

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alliteration

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the repetition of initial consonant sounds

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allusion

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a reference contained in a work

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X anapest

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a metrical pattern of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable

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antagonist

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the force of character tha topposes the main character, the protagonist

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apostrophe

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direct address in poetry. yeat's line "be with me Beauty, for the fire is dying" is a good example

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aside

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words spoken by an actor intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on stage

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X aubade

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a love poem set at dawn which bids farewell to the beloved

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ballad

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a simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains, genereally with a rhyme scheme of ABCD

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blank verse

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unrhymed iambic pentameter. most of shakespeare's plays are in this form

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cacophony

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harsh and discordant sounds in a line or a passage of a literary work

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* caesura

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a break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasice meaning

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catharsis

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accordint to aristotle, the release of emotion that the audience of a tragedy experiences
pity fear

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character

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one who carries out hte action of the plot in literature. major, minor, static (remains the same), and dynamic (developing) are types of characters.

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climax

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the turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension

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comic relief

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the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast iwth the tragic elements of a work, thereby itensifyting hte next tragic event: grave digger scene

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conflict

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a clash between opposing foces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. self

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connotation

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the interpretive level of a word based on its associated meaning rather than its leiteral meaning

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convention

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a traditional aspect of a literary ork such as a soliloquy in a shakespearean play or a tragic hero in a greek tragedy

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couplet

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two lines of rhyming poetry; often used by shakespeare to conclude a scene or an important passage

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denotation

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the literarl or dictionary meaning of a word

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denouement

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the conclusion or tying up of loose ends in a literary work; the resolution of the conflict and plot

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X deus ex machina

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a greek invention, literally the god from the machine, who appears at the last moment and resolves the loose ends of the play. today the term refers to anyone, usually of some stature, who untangels, resolves, or reveals the key to the plot of a work.

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diction

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the author's choice of words

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dramatic monologue

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a type of poem that presents a conversation between a speaker and an implied listener

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elegy

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a poem that laments the dead or a loss

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enjambment

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a technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. it enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning.

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epic

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a lengthy, elevated peom that celebrates a hero's exploits

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epigram

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a brief witty poem

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euphony

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the pleasant, melliflous presentation of sounds in a literary work

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exposition

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background information presented in a literary work

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fable

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a simple symbolic story usually employing animals as characters

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figurative language

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the body of devices that allows the author to operate on levels other than the literal one. metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, hyperbole

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flashback

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a device that enables the author to refer back to past thoughts, events, episodes

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foot

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a metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of line

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foreshadowing

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hints of future events in a literary work

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form

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the shape or structure of a literary work

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free verse

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poetry without a defined meter, rhyme scheme, or form

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hyperbole

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extreme exaggeration

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iamb

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a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one; the most common poetic foot in the English language

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idyll

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a type of lyric poetry that expresses the virtues of an ideal time or place

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image

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a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion

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imagery

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the total effect of relatied sensory images in a work of literature

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impressionism

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writing that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept

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irony

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an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended/expected to happen. it involves dialogue and situation, and it can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of htose involved whicle the audience is aware of the circumstances.

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lyric poetry

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a type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought

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metaphor

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a direct comparison between disimilar things

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metaphysical poetry

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type of poetry that employs extended metaphors and paradoxes to explore highly complex, philosophical ideas: John Donne

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meter

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a pattern of beats in poetry

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metonymy

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a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea "the pen is mightier than the sward"

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monologue

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a speech given by own character

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motif

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the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters

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narrative poem

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a poem that tells a story

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narrator

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the speaker in a literary work

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octave

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an eight line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a petrarchan sonnet

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ode

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a formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject

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onomatopoeia

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words that sound like the sound they represent bang bang choo choo

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oxymoron

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an image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, giant economy size, pretty ugly)

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parable

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a story that operates on omore than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson

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parallel plot

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a secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot

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lyric poetry

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a type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought

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metaphor

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a direct comparison between disimilar things

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metaphysical poetry

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type of poetry that employs extended metaphors and paradoxes to explore highly complex, philosophical ideas: John Donne

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meter

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a pattern of beats in poetry

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metonymy

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a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea "the pen is mightier than the sward"

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monologue

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a speech given by own character

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motif

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the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters

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narrative poem

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a poem that tells a story

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narrator

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the speaker in a literary work

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octave

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an eight line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a petrarchan sonnet

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ode

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a formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject

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onomatopoeia

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words that sound like the sound they represent bang bang choo choo

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oxymoron

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an image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, giant economy size, pretty ugly)

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parable

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a story that operates on omore than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson

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parallel plot

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a secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot

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parody

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a comic imitation of a work that ridicules the oriinal

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pathos

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the aspects of a literary work that elicit pity fromthe audience

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personification

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the assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts

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plot

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a sequence of events in a literary work

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point of view

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the method of narration in a work

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protagonist

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the hero or main character of a literary work; the character the audience sympathizes with

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quatrain

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a four line stanza

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resolution

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the denoument of a literary work

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rhetorical question

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a questio nthat does not expect an explicit answer. used to pose an idea to be considred by audience or speaker

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rhyme/rime

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the udplicaion of final syllable sounds in two or more lines

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rhythm

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the rpetitive pattern of beats in poetry

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romanticism

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a style or movement of litearture that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape

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satire

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a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society w/o necessarily offering a solution

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sestet

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a six line stanza usually paired iwht an octave to form a petrarchan sonnet

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sestina

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a highly structure poetic form of 39, written in iambic pentameter. it depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas

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setting

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the time and place of a literary work

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simile

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an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison

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soliloquy

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a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience

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sonnet

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a 14 line poem with a perscribed rhyme scheme in imambic pentameter

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spondee

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a poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables

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stage direction

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the specific instruction a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.

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stanza

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a unit of a poem similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem

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structure

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the organizaiton and form of a work

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style

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the unique way an author presents his ideas. diction syntax imagery structure and content all contribute to a particular style

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subplot

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a secondary plot that explores ideas differnt from the main storyline

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symbol

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something in a literary work that stands for something else

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synecdoche

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a figure of speech that uitlizes a part as a representative of a whole "all hands on deck"

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syntax

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the grammatical structure of prose and peotry

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tercet

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a three line stanza

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theme

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the underlying ideas that hte author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.

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tone

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the author's attitude toward his subject

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tragic hero

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according to aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads him to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.

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understatement

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the oppositve of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.

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villanelle

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a highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets, and a quatrain. the poem repeats the 1st and 3rd lines throughout.