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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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video |
A series of static images that simulate movement. The main credit given to the origins of video goes to the Lumière brothers who developed the cinematograph in 1895. |
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vitaphone |
It is a system of sound on a disc developed by the Bell Telephone Company and Western Electric. It was used as a match in silent movies to give an environment context and narration to the stories. It was widely used by Warned Brothers in at least 100 of their first movies. |
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movitone |
It is a system of sound recording created in 1922 by Theodore Case and Earl Sponable; it integrated the sound to the images, and it was firstly used by Fox company, which is now known as 20th Century Fox. |
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Beta |
It is an analogic format to produce home videos. It consisted of a magnetic tape developed by Sony. It was sold in 1975, and it has the capacity of storing 266 to 300 lines depending If it was black and white, or color. It recorded around 2 hours. |
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VHS |
It stands for Video Home System. It was similar to an audio cassette with ½ inch tape. It was highly accepted for around 20 years before the appearance of DVDs. |
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flash memory |
It is an EEPROM type memory (Electronically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory). It was created in 1984 by Fujio Masuoka. There are many versions of it: some have the shape of a pen, a bar, camera cards, etc. It is quick and silent, and it is easy to carry. It has a storing capability that is much higher than its predecessor, the floppy disc. |
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DVD |
It stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. It replaced the Beta technology in recording and distributing video material. Its recording process is based on the use of laser instead of electromagnetism. This provides more quality in both audio and video. |
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retinal persistence |
It is the effect in the eye’s retina that makes the images perceived by the eye be recorded for a very small fraction of time, like a tenth of a second. When the eye is exposed to a succession of fixed images, the illusion of movement gives life to the magic of cinema. It was discovered by the Belgian Joseph Plateau. |
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FPS |
It stands for Frames per second. It is the amount of frames that are shown on a video in a period of one second. |
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PAL |
It stands for Phase Alternating Line which consists on the using of 25 frames per second. It is used in Europe, Asia, and some countries of America. It is also divided into two screens but they are sent as 50 packages per second. |
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NTSC |
It is composed by 30 frames per second and 525 scan lines, as if the signal were divided in 2 screens of 262 scan lines. Each package is sent as 660 per second. This subdivision is to send even lines and odd lines separately. |
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SECAM |
It is similar to PAL, but it is less known. It was created in France, so it is more used in Europe, and it has an optimum handling of color. |
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EDTV |
Enhanced Definition Television, has SDTV (standard) technology, and it can display between 480 and 576 lines in the PAL or NTSC frequencies. |
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HDTV |
High Definition Television, works with three resolutions: 720p, 1080i and 1080p; it has the ability to be converted as needed in order to commute among them. There are two possible values for the handling of the different resolutions: “p” or “I”. |
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blu-ray |
It refers to the technology based on a blue beam that allows the recording of different layers of DVD, especially designed for high density recording. It may contain from 1 to 4 layers, and each one has a capacity of 25GB. It handles HD information differently from the DVD which only handles 480p or 576p. |
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HD-DVD |
It stands for High Definition Digital Video Disk. It was supported by Toshiba as a better alternative to DVD since it allowed a storing of 15 GB in each one of its layers. |
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codec |
It means coder-decoder. It is a software that consists on an algorithm to compress and decompress video in real time. Its use doesn’t interfere with the playing speed. There are also codecs for audio files. |
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AVI |
(Audio Video Interleave) It is one of the standard formats to store digital video in different platforms. It allows us to work with other formats such as CinePak, Intel Indeo 5, etc. The formats that compress the files the most without losing too much quality are DivX and XviD. It has good quality, but we often need to convert it into a lighter format to simplify its handling. Has greater compatibility because it only requires the installation of the codecs to interpret it correctly. |
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DivX |
It is a codec that can be used in Widows and Macs platforms to create MPEG-4 standards. |
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XviD |
It is a compression algorithm, developed by free programmers. It does not represent any loss of information. A complete movie can weight only 700MB instead of several GB. |
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MPEG |
(Moving Picture Experts Group) It is a format that is considered standard to compress digital video. The extensions of the files under this format are .MPG or .MPEG. They can also integrate different kinds of codecs. MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-3, MPEG-4. Videos with these extensions can be played both on Windows Media player and on Quick Time. |
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MOV |
(Movie) It uses Apple’s own codec, which handles the color palette of this platform optimally. This type of files may also have the .QT extension, which is for the Quick Time app. It has a good compression and quality. Due to its quick execution, it is useful for streaming. |
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WMV |
(Windows Media Video) This format was designed by Microsoft. It is based on the MPEG-4 codec to compress the video. It can be found with the extension .ASF. It is compatible with Windows 7 or beyond. Just like in MOV, it allows streaming and it is fairly good for being published on Internet. |
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RM |
(Real Media) It is the format of Real Networks for video files. It is based on its own codec to compress the audio, and it has an extension .RM and .RAM. It is necessary to have the Real Player app to work. It has a good aspect ratio with weight, quality and size for a video to be publishable on Internet since it allows streaming. |
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FLV |
(Flash video) This format is based on the Sorenson Spark and On2 VP6 codecs. Both allow a high visual quality no matter if the user has a high downloading speed in his devices. Their extension is .FLV which can be reproduced from different local programs such as MPlayer, VLC media player, Riva, Xine, etc. It is accessible from most of the operating systems and net browsers on steaming. |
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VOB |
(Video Object) It is the format that contains video, audio and subtitles. Its extension is .VOB and it is normally used in the distribution of DVD, being kept in order inside the folder of Video_Ts. It is based on the format MPEG for streaming, but it has some limitations and specifications to become private. |
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3GP |
(Third Generation Partnership) It is used on mobile devices such as 3G telephones. It was developed with the purpose of having standards for mobile technology; the format mpeg4 was used as a base. |
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script |
It is essential because it is the basis of any audiovisual means. It is related to the concept of guide because it makes it possible to organize all the elements that are required to carry out an audiovisual project such as a movie or a video. |
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scene |
The smallest unit to measure events in a story in a determined time and place. It has three basic elements: description of the place and characters, description of the action, and dialogs. |
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dialog |
Is a conversation that happens between two or more individuals that present their ideas in an alternative way. To consider a conversation as interesting, there must be a structure of beginning, confrontation, midpoint, resolution, and climax. |
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plot twist |
It refers to the moments of a story or script in which the story goes through heavy changes. |
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storyboard |
A group of images with notes, like a graphic mind map in which the images are presented in sequence. Its purpose is to visualize a movie, an animation, a videogame, or to follow the development of a story before it is done. |
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frame |
Individual pictures in a sequence of images. There are two types: the work ones and the key frames which provide many more details with regard to shadow, color, and instructions for the staff. |
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perspective |
It frames the depth of an environment or landscape through the position of the camera. It also highlights the scene. |
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framing |
It is an image that is seen through a camera viewer. |
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shooting |
It is when all the pre-production details have been arranged and solved. It is necessary to be sure which cameras and formats will be used. Once in the place of the first scene shooting, it is necessary to select, order, and organize all the elements that will be important to tell the story. |
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editing |
In order to edit a video or a group of videos and create a new one, it is necessary to choose the software to work with. Some software is used for basic or home use and some is destined to professional cinema. Most programs contain common basic tools. |
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conversion |
With the boom of portable multimedia devices and computers as entertainment centers, the formats have increased in a way that it is necessary to have conversion tools. There are many software programs that let you do that in a simple way, and there are companies that offer the service as well. |
