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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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The genetic material of an organism
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Chromosome
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A structure in the nucleus made up of DNA which bears the genetic information of an organism.
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Gene
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A selection of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein.
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Homologous
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Pairs of chromosomes containing genes for the same characteristics at the same loci. NB. Humans have 23 homologous pairs.
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Allele
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An alternative form of a gene.
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Adaptation
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A feature (structural, behavioral or physiological) that helps an organism to survive in its environment.
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Recessive
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An allele that will only be expressed when two copies are inherited together.
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Dominant
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An allele that is always expressed if present
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Homozygous
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Both alleles are the same eg. TT
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Heterozygous
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Alleles are different eg. Tt
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Genotype
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Genetic make-up of a person.
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Phenotype
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How the gene is expressed ie. what it looks like eg. tall.
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Gamete
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Sex cell eg. egg or sperm (haploid n)
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Zygote
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A fertilised egg cell (Diploid)
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Pure-breeding
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Individuals that are homozygous that will always produce the same offspring when crossed together.
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Pedigree chart
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Shows the inheritance of a characteristic over several generations.
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Mutation
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Sudden random change in the genetic material of a cell.
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Haploid number
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Only once copy of each chromosome (humans =23)
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Diploid number
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Two copies of each chromosome (humans =46)
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