Glossary Ch. 3

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Victor Marcelo Loza Garza

A01570000

Hertz

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Frequency unit from the international measuring system that equals the repetition of a phenomenon whose period is a second.

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Frequency

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Number of cycles that happen in a second.

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Echolocation

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Location of an object through the reflection of sound waves.

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Infrasound

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Sound whose vibration frequency is lower that the one which can be perceived by the human ear.

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Ultrasound

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Sound whose frequency of vibrations is superior to the highest limit perceived by the human ear.

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Sound

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Sensation produced in the hearing organ by the vibrational movement of the bodies that is transmitted through an elastic means.

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Elasticity

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The characteristic that a material has to recover its extension and shape when a force that deformed it stops being put on it.

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Acoustics

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Branch of physics that studies the sound production, transmission, storing, perception and reproduction.

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Transducer

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Equipment that transforms a type of energy into another one and may work as a recipient or as a generator.

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Tuning Fork

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Voice and instrument regulator that consists of a steel sheet folded as a hook with a foot, and when it is hit, it presents 435 vibrations per second.

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Compression

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The effort that an object is subject to by the action of two opposing forces that tend to diminish its volume.

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Rarefaction

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Making gaseous body less dense.

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Cycle

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The complete sequence of a periodic vibration.

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Period

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The period of time that happens in a cycle.

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Sound Wave Frequency

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Number of cycles that go through a same point during a second.

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Wavelength

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Distance that the sound goes over in a complete cycle of change in pressure and it is the physical measure of a cycle´s length.

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Amplitude

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Distance between a balance point and the highest wave point.

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Tone

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The subjective perception of frequency.

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Decibel (dB)

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Is a measuring unit that compares the minimum that human can hear agains the level we want to measure.

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Absorption

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Process in which sound is absorbed by an object when crashing against it.

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Reflection

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Quantity of acoustic energy that will change direction when it crashes against the edge of an object.

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Refraction

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Making a gaseous body less dense.

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Bitrate

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Transmission rate, it refers to the number of bits that is transmitted in a unit of time.

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Codecs

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Software that consists on an algorithm to compress and decompress video in real time.

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Wrappers

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Way of organizing information related to digital audio that is not part of the sound.

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WAV

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Most used format for not compression, it belongs to Microsoft.

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AIFF

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Format used in the Apple platform.

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CDA

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Industrial standard used to encode the audio of compact.

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MP3

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Highest compression without much data loss.

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AAC

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Successor of MP3 because it handle larger level of compression.

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MIDI

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Is a codec, refers to the communication protocol that lets electronic instruments, synthesizers,computers and other devices to communicate among themselves.

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Audacity

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Is an application for digital audio editing.

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Garage Band

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Application to edit digital audio.

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Monaural Sound

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Single channel or track of sound created by one speaker

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Stereophonic Sound

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Works two separate audio channels or tracks of sound reproduced by two speakers.

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Surround Sound

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Created by at least four and up to seven independent audio channels and speakers placed in front of and behind the listener. The purpose is to 'surround' the listener in sound.

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Streaming

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Reproduction of audio and video files with no need to be downloaded to a device.