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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four characteristics of Modern Society? |
The Nation State Capitalism Rationality, Science and Technology Individualism |
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What are the four ways that Globalization has effected society? |
Technological Changes Economic Changes Political Changes Culture and Identity |
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What does Beck refer to? |
The Risk Society |
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What does Sklair refer to? |
The Global Capitalist Class |
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What does Ohmae refer to? |
We live in a border less world in which TNCs have more power than governments |
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What is Anti-foundationalism? |
There are no sure foundations of knowledge - there is no objective criteria we can use to prove a theory right or wrong |
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What are the consequences of Anti-foundationalism? |
-The Enlightenment project is dead -There is no metanarrative |
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Who refers to the Death of the Meta Narrative? |
Lytotard |
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What is a relativist position? |
All views are true for those who hold them |
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What does Lyotard mean by Language games? |
Knowledge is just a series of ways of seeing the world |
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Who refers to Simulacra? |
Baudrillard |
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What are Simulacra? |
Signs that stand for nothing in themselves - they have no relation to physical things within reality |
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What is a hyper reality? |
Where signs appear more real than reality itself and substitute themselves for reality BUT are meaningless |
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How do postmodernists view the media? |
Produces an endless stream of changing images and values of the truth - fragmented and unstable This causes identity to become de-stabilised due to it being constructed by the media |
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How do Philo and Miller criticize Postmodernism? |
Ignores Power and Inequality Overlooks the effect of Poverty on the ability to construct identity Wrong to assume people cant tell the difference between reality and the media Assumes all ideas are equally true |
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What do Best and Kellner point out? |
A very weak theory as it does not explain how many of its ideas came about |
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What do Theories of Late Modernity identify? |
That a change is happening and there is a shift in society - still with modernity but in its end |
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What does Giddens mean by Disembedding? |
The lifting out of social relations from local contexts of interaction We no longer need face to face contact in order to interact (Breaks down geographical barriers) |
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What does Giddens mean by Reflexivity? |
We have to constantly monitor, reflect on and modify our actions in the light of information about possible risks and opportunities due to a lack of tradition to guide us |
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What does Beck mean by a Risk Society? |
While in the past society faced dangers from nature, today we face dangers created by humans or "manufactured risks" |
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What is reflexive modernization? |
Where we must constantly take account of the risks attached to the different courses of action open to us |
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How does Beck view the Enlightenment project? |
We should be skeptical due to the risks it has created BUT we should still use rationality to overcome them |
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How does Rustin criticize Beck? |
It is Capitalism with its pursuit of all goals that causes risk, not technology alone |
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How does Hirst criticize Beck? |
Environmentalism and other movements cant bring about change because there are to fragmented |
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What are the two theorists that are related to Marxist Postmodernism? |
Jameson and Harvey |
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What is flexible accumulation? |
Involves the use of information technology, an expanded and finance sector, job insecurity and the requirement for workers to be flexible to fit their employers needs - for niche markets |
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What was the effect of flexible accumulation? |
Turned leisure, culture and identity into commodities Encouraged niche markets for certain cultures Easy switching = changes in fashion (FEATURES OF POST MODERNITY) |
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What do Harvey and Jameson mean by a Rainbow Alliance? |
Where new movements such as LGBTA+, Racial equality groups etc bond together with Marxist movements to bring about change |
