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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Artifact
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a human made object, such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry
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culture
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a people's unique way of life, as shown by it's tools, customs, arts, and ideas
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hominid
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a member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk upright
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Paleolithic Age
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a prehistoric period that lasted from about 250,000 to 8,000 B.C. during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons- also called the Old Stone Age
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Neolithic Age
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a prehistoric period that began about 8,000 B.C and some areas ended as early as 3,000 BC during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals also called the New Stone Age
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technology
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The way in which people apply knowledge, tools, and invention to meet their needs
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Homosapiens
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The biological species to which modern human beings belong
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Nomad
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A member of a group that has no permanent home wandering from place to place in search of food and water
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Hunter-gatherer
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A member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plants foods
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Neolithic revolution
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The major change in human life caused by the beginning of farming -that is, by people's shift from food gathering to food producing
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Slash and burn farming
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A farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil
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Domestication
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The taming of animals for human use
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Civilization
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a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology
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Specialization
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The development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping
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artisan
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a skilled worker, such as a weaver, or a potter, who makes goods by hand
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Institution
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A long lasting pattern of organization in a community
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scribe
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One of the professional record keepers in early civilization
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Cuneiform
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A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols ,invented by the Sumerians around 3000 BC
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Bronze Age
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A period in human history beginning around 3000 BC in some areas during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion shows in weapons
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barter
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A form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money
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ziggurat
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a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of Sumerian temple
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Fertile Crescent
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An arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea
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Mesopotamia
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Land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates
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City-state
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A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit
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loess
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a fertile deposit of windblown soil
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oracle bone
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One of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chinese priests to communicate with the gods
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Mandate of Heaven
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in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority
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dynastic cycle
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the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
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feudalism
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a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
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Dynasty
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a series of rulers from a single family
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cultural diffusion
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the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another
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Polytheism
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of belief in many gods
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Empire
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a political unit in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler
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Hammurabi
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Hammurabi recognize that a single, uniform code of laws would help to unify the diverse groups within his Empire. Hammurabi collected existing rules, judgement and laws into the Code of Hammurabi.
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Delta
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a broad marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river
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Narmer
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established the first Egyptian dynasty with the Upper and Lower Egypt
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theocracy
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A government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure.
A government controlled by religious leaders. |
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Pharaoh
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a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader
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pyramid
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a resting place after death for kings in Egypt of the Old Kingdom was an immense structure
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mummification
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a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying
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hieroglyphics
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an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
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papyrus
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a tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by ancient Egyptians to make a paperlike material for writing on
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subcontinent
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a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent
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monsoon
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a wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year
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Harrappan civilization
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another name for the Indus Valley civilization that arose along the Indus River, possibly as early as 700 B.C., characterized by sophisticated city planning
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