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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Geography of Greece |
-peninsula found in the eastern part of the Mediterranean and in the smaller Aegean Sea |
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How did the geography affect Greece |
-Land was poor for farming/ had to import from other places -poor communication & isolation cuz mountains isolated the Greeks -mountains sometimes protected ppl from bad weather & invasions -sometimes Greeks left their land for better opportunities and started colonies in other places |
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How was the Greek city-state (polis) divided |
1. Acropolis is a high & fortified place 2. Middle of the city has government buildings, market place, few houses 3. Surrounding countryside on the edge of the city |
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Describe the Acropolis |
-had temples where ppl would worship gods & goddesses -very famous temple on top of the Acropolis called the Parthenon |
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Describe the Parthenon |
Temple of the goddess of wisdom, Athena |
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In Athens, ppl were interested in everything, which was called |
Pluralistic society |
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How did Athens become famous |
Bc of democracy |
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What does democracy mean |
Rule of the people |
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Where is Athens located |
On the Attica peninsula |
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How would the citizens in Athens participate |
-adult male citizens allowed to vote directly in the assembly - could serve in government for 1 year -serve in jury, which were sometimes VERY big (this was done to avoid threats and bribery) |
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Who had no say in the Athenian government |
Women, slaves, & foreigners |
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In Sparta, ppl wanted one way of life, and this was called |
Monolithic society |
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What was monolithic society |
-focus on the military way of life -strong soldiers to prevent slaves or helots from revolting |
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Where was Sparta located |
Peloponnesus peninsula |
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What did the Greeks have in common |
-same language -polytheistic -peace during Olympic Games -were very patriotic & loved their city-state - loved architecture -common ancestor named Hellen -loved epics like homer's Iliad and the Odyssey -fortune tellers (oracles) -see plays |
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On example of a Greek play |
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles |
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Why did the Greeks and Persians go to war |
-Greek colonies were revolting against Persians so Persians wanted revenge |
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Battle of marathon |
-490 B.C -King Darius of Persia invaded Greece -Greek soldiers were led by famous general Miltiades |
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What did the Greeks and Persians use during the war at Marathon |
Greeks- swords, spears, armor Persians- bows and arrows |
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Who won the battle of Marathon |
Persians GREATY outnumbered the Greeks but Greeks won bc they surrounded them & the Persians were crushed |
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Battle of Thermopylae |
-480 B.C -King Xerxes was the son of King Darius & he wanted revenge -Spartans were helping the Athenians |
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How did the Persians gain the advantage at the battle of Thermopylae |
The Greeks were guarding a shortcut thru the mountains when a Greek traitor showed the Persians a secret way through the mountains |
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How many Spartans were led in the battle of Thermopylae and by who |
300 by their King Leonidas, and they were all killed |
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Who warned the Greeks to retreat and what happened |
Themistocles and they needed to leave Athens retreat to their ships |
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Who burned Athens |
Xerxes |
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When was the Battle at Salamis Bay |
480 B.C |
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Warships used at salamis bay |
-Greek warship called triremes bc they had 3 sets of oars & were deadly bc metal bartering ram -triremes were smaller, faster, deadlier -too many big Persian ships in the little bay |
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Battle of Plataea |
-479 B.C -Greeks destroyed all the remaining Persians |
-lived in Athens -nothing written, but student Plato wrote about him -motto was "know thyself" -found truth by asking questions -government feared him cuz he caused the young ppl to ask too many questions -put on trial (stop teaching, leave Athens, die from hemlock) |
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Athens after the Persian wars |
-Athens was greatest ladder of the Greeks -Greeks formed Delian league bc wanted protection from Persians -Greeks were jealous of Athens bc it was too powerful & and they feared loosing their freedom - |
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Peloponnesian Wars |
-Greeks were constantly fighting in these series of wars -Bc Greece was so divided, it was defeated by King Philip of Macedonia in 338 B.C |
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Alexander the Great of Macedonia |
-was 20 when King -proud/ ambitious, conquered all land from east- Indus River -fav teacher was Aristotle, who taught him about brotherhood & biology -encouraged his men to marry foreign girls & married a Persian princess -treated everyone like brothers -fought alongside his own men -wanted everyone to join army -died of fever at 33 -greedy generals broke up his empire, which was on 3 continents |
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What were Alexander's accomplishments |
-United Greeks and Romans & Greeks and Persians -started cities like Alexander in Egypt, and trade increased greatly -had the largest empire in the ancient world -cultural diffusion increased -He increased education & learning |
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Socrates |
-lived in Athens -nothing written, but student Plato wrote about him -motto was "know thyself" -found truth by asking questions -government feared him cuz he caused the young ppl to ask too many questions -put on trial (stop teaching, leave Athens, die from hemlock) |
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Plato |
-Started an academy to teach ppl about philosophy -felt women where equal to men -ppl should do the job they are best qualified to do -said to be anti-democratic (against the rule of the ppl) bc he felt only smart ppl should rule & most ppl were uneducated and could not be trusted to make good decisions |
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Aristotle |
-from Macedonia -believed in moderation & to follow the middle road -motto was "learn by doing" -teacher of Alexander: both believed in brotherhood and biology |
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Herodotus |
-nicknamed the "father of history" -wrote entertaining account of Persian wars |
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Thucydides |
-was called scientific historian -wrote accurate account of Peloponnesian War |
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Geographers |
Hipparchus- studied longitude, latitude, and trigonometry Aristarchus- said that the sun was the center of the universe, and this was called Heliocentric theory |
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Scientists |
Hipparchus- nicknamed the father of medicine Archimedes- lived in Syracuse on the island of Sicily -discovered law of specific gravity (certain objects will displace certain amounts of water) -law of flotation -built war machines for King of Syracuse -killed by attaching romans |
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Greek columns |
•Doric style- simple (Parthenon has 46 Doric columns) •Ionic style •Corinthian style- fancy (Pantheon was a temple for all gods and goddesses and still stands intact) |
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Geography of Italy |
-peninsula -in the middle of Mediterranean Sea -Tyrrhenian sea found in the west coast -Adriatic sea found in the east coast -Ionian sea found in the south -Po river found in north (important for farming) -Apennines run along the spine of Italy, more towards the east -Alps in the north (sometimes protect ppl from invasion & bad weather -harbors in west coast were better for trade |
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What was Rome like |
-The first settlers came from the north, and they were called latins -Latins were defeated by the Etruscans who came from the east from Asia Minor -Rome was a republic where the citizens elected representatives (indirect democracy) |
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What was the Roman society like |
-Patricians formed the upper class (rich landlords & land owners & came from noble families) -plebeians formed the lower class (farmers, soldiers, merchants) -merchants did importing and exporting -skilled craftsmen (artisans) -slaves |
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What was the Roman society like |
-Patricians formed the upper class (rich landlords & land owners & came from noble families) -plebeians formed the lower class (farmers, soldiers, merchants) -merchants did importing and exporting -skilled craftsmen (artisans) -slaves |
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How did the plebeians gain power |
-threatened not to farm/ serve as soldiers -laws were written down for the first time called THE TWELVE TABLES -plebeians were allowed to marry patricians -formed their own assembly to make laws -elected to vote in senate later on -lower interest rates on loans so it was easier to pay back their debts |
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What was the Roman society like |
-Patricians formed the upper class (rich landlords & land owners & came from noble families) -plebeians formed the lower class (farmers, soldiers, merchants) -merchants did importing and exporting -skilled craftsmen (artisans) -slaves |
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How did the plebeians gain power |
-threatened not to farm/ serve as soldiers -laws were written down for the first time called THE TWELVE TABLES -plebeians were allowed to marry patricians -formed their own assembly to make laws -elected to vote in senate later on -lower interest rates on loans so it was easier to pay back their debts |
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The forum in Roman society |
-Heart of the city -could find marketplaces, government buildings, homes |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
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Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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|
The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
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Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
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Third Punic war |
-Rome wanted to completely destroy Carthage: -city burned -ppl sold into slavery -salt plowed into land -Hannibal escaped to the east but the Romans captured him so he took his own life |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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|
|
How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
|
|
|
The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
|
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|
Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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|
How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
|
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|
Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
|
|
|
Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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|
Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
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Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
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|
Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
|
|
|
During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
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Third Punic war |
-Rome wanted to completely destroy Carthage: -city burned -ppl sold into slavery -salt plowed into land -Hannibal escaped to the east but the Romans captured him so he took his own life |
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How did Julius Caesar come to power |
-at first he shared his power his Pompey and Crassus -was made governor of Gaul (France) -invalided Britain twice, but could not conquer -wrote a book about his career called The commentaries -at the Rubicon river, he took his army and capture Rome |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
|
|
|
How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
|
|
|
The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
|
|
|
Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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|
|
How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
|
|
|
Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
|
|
|
Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
|
|
|
Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
|
|
|
Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
|
|
|
Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
|
|
|
During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
|
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|
Third Punic war |
-Rome wanted to completely destroy Carthage: -city burned -ppl sold into slavery -salt plowed into land -Hannibal escaped to the east but the Romans captured him so he took his own life |
|
|
|
How did Julius Caesar come to power |
-at first he shared his power his Pompey and Crassus -was made governor of Gaul (France) -invalided Britain twice, but could not conquer -wrote a book about his career called The commentaries -at the Rubicon river, he took his army and capture Rome |
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How did Julius Caesar reform the government |
-Let the provinces have more self-government -let more people become citizens -wanted honest governors who would not steal taxis |
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Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
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How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
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The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
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Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
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How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
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Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
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Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
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Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
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Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
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Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
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During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
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Third Punic war |
-Rome wanted to completely destroy Carthage: -city burned -ppl sold into slavery -salt plowed into land -Hannibal escaped to the east but the Romans captured him so he took his own life |
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How did Julius Caesar come to power |
-at first he shared his power his Pompey and Crassus -was made governor of Gaul (France) -invalided Britain twice, but could not conquer -wrote a book about his career called The commentaries -at the Rubicon river, he took his army and capture Rome |
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How did Julius Caesar reform the government |
-Let the provinces have more self-government -let more people become citizens -wanted honest governors who would not steal taxis |
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How did Julius Caesar reform the economy |
-wanted lower taxis + interest rates -made public jobs for unemployed -started colonies to help unemployed -gave away land & food to the poor -wanted fewer slaves to work on farms so free ppl could have more jobs |
|
|
|
Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
|
|
|
How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
|
|
|
The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
|
|
|
Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
|
|
|
How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
|
|
|
Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
|
|
|
Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
|
|
|
Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
|
|
|
Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
|
|
|
Entertainment in Roman society |
-gladiators fought in the colosseum -held chariot races in the circus Maximus -liked to watch plays |
|
|
|
During what war was Hannibal defeated |
Battle at Zama 202 B.C |
|
|
|
Third Punic war |
-Rome wanted to completely destroy Carthage: -city burned -ppl sold into slavery -salt plowed into land -Hannibal escaped to the east but the Romans captured him so he took his own life |
|
|
|
How did Julius Caesar come to power |
-at first he shared his power his Pompey and Crassus -was made governor of Gaul (France) -invalided Britain twice, but could not conquer -wrote a book about his career called The commentaries -at the Rubicon river, he took his army and capture Rome |
|
|
|
How did Julius Caesar reform the government |
-Let the provinces have more self-government -let more people become citizens -wanted honest governors who would not steal taxis |
|
|
|
How did Julius Caesar reform the economy |
-wanted lower taxis + interest rates -made public jobs for unemployed -started colonies to help unemployed -gave away land & food to the poor -wanted fewer slaves to work on farms so free ppl could have more jobs |
|
|
|
How did Julius Caesar die |
-Stabbed 2 dozen times in senate building March 15, 44 B.C -murderer led by his best friend, Brutus -killed him bc he was too ambitious and they felt he would hurt Rome |
|
|
|
Roman architecture |
-copied Greek style of columns -used bricks, arches, and domes -aqueducts were used to carry water from high to low spots |
|
|
|
How did Rome expand |
-at first they were helped by allies - plan for success was "divide and conquer" -soldiers were good at fighting at land & at sea |
|
|
|
The Roman soldiers |
-very patriotic -wore helmet, armor, and carried shield -had good weapons -main weapon was short Spanish sword (cultural diffusion) -spear had soft metal tip so couldn't be reused -Roman ships had planks of bridges with hooks to connect to enemies ' ships |
|
|
|
Some Romans went out looking for better land, and they settled in |
Colonies |
|
|
|
How did the Romans treat their conquered people |
-let them have more self-government -let them keep their religions and traditions -sometimes let them become citizens if they did something good |
|
|
|
Land outside the Italian peninsula |
-was organized into provinces -governors was elected by the senate to rule the province -sometimes governors were corrupt and dishonest bc they stole tax money |
|
|
|
Why did Romans go to war against the Carthaginians? |
-jealous of each other over trade -both wanted to control trade in the Mediterranean Sea -Rome was afraid that Carthage would get control of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Italy -Rome went to war with Carthage in the first Punic war and took control of Sicily & the straight of Messina |
|
|
|
Second Punic war |
-most famous -hero from Carthage was Hannibal -Hannibal won the biggest victory in the south at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C -Carthage was attacked by the Roman general, Scipio, which forced Hannibal to leave Carthage & return to Italy |
|
|
|
Hannibal during the second Punic war |
-left Africa, went through the Spain, crossed the Pyrenees (Mts, between Spain & France) Then crossed the alps in northern Italy to invade -37 elephants -45,000 soldiers -8,000 chivalry -nearly lost half during his trip -stayed in Italy for nearly 15 years but couldn't defeat Rome bc he had no allies |
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