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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is absolutism?
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The system of government when absolute monarchs ruled their countries
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What does Divine Right mean?
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Their right to rule came absolutely from God
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Who led Absolutism in Spain?
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Philip II
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Who led Absolutism in Russia?
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Peter the Great
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Who led Absolutism in France?
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Louis IV
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Who was The Sun King?
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Louis IV.
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What was the palace Louis IV built?
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Versailles
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What did England develop into?
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Limited Monarchy
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The Magna Carta, Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights all
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Limited the power of the English Monarchs
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Who did the Monarchy have to share power with?
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Parliament
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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were known as
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The Age of Reason
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The Age of Reason means
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New Ideas
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Inventors in the Scientific Revoultion were
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Copernicus, Galileo and Newton
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What does the Age of Reason mean?
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Reason was applied to thinking about politics, government and the laws of nature
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Elightenment thinkers believed
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All people had natural rights. They opposed divine right/absolute monarchs
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New ideas lead to
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Democracy
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Famous people of the Enlightenement
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John Locke, Montesquieu and Voltaire
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What did John Locke believe?
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1.Thought people have natural rights
Life, liberty and property 2. Government should protect people's rights, 3. Government should be based on the consent of the people 4. When government does not protect people's rights, people can overthrow it |
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John Locke's ideas led to
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The American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence and the the French Revolution
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What did Montesquieu believe in?
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Believed in separation of powers: government should be shared among 3 branches
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What did Voltaire believe in?
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Believed in freedom of speech
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What were the causes of the French Revolution?
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1.Disastisfaction of the Third Estate - unfair social system and tax system
2. Absolute Monarchy 3. Enlightenment |
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The American Revolution showed people
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Could change their government and make it better
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When did the French Revolution start?
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When the people stormed the Bastille (prison)
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What was an event of the French Revolution?
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1. The National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man
2. Robespierre led a Reign of Terror |
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What happened during the reign of terror?
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People who were disloyal were executed, and lost their heads on the guillotine
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Who was Napolean Bonaparte?
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He was a great general. He conquered much of Europe. His invasion of Russia was a disaster
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What was a result of the French Revolution?
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The French Revolution and the American Revolution inspired other people who wanted Democracy and Independence
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What is Nationalism?
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Loyalty to a nation of people with a common culture and the desire of those people to rule themselves. Love thy country
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Who were the Latin American nationalists
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Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Tousaint L'Ouverture
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Nationalism led to
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The unification of Germany and Italy
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Who were the Italian Nationalists?
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Cavour, Mazzini, Garibaldi
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Who was the leader of German unification?
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Otto von Bismarck
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What policy did Otto von Bismark rule by?
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Blood and Iron - he used people and weapons to go to war and accomplish his goals.
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What was the Industrial Revolution?
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It marked a change in the way goods were produced, from homes to factories
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Where did the industrial revolution begin?
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It began in England
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How did the Industrial Revolution change life?
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It caused 1.Urbanization (crowded cities), pollution, 2. bad working conditions (child labor)
3. the growth of the middle class |
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Why did life become better after the Industrial Revolution?
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Reforms (laws) were made
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Who was the father of communism?
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Karl Marx
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What does class struggle mean according to Karl Marx?
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The working class (proletariat - poor) would rise up
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What is Imperialism?
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Is when one country dominates another country politically, economically or culturally
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The industrial revolution created a
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New period of Imperialism
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What did the industrial powers need?
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1. Raw Materials/natural resources
2. markets - people to sell their goods to |
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How did imperialism occur in Africa?
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The Berlin Conference - European nations divided Africa among themselves
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How did imperialism occur in India?
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Sepoy Rebellion - Indian nationalists rebellion by Sepoys. The sepoys were defeated
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How did imperialism occur in China?
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Opium War - Britain with its military technology defeated China. European countries divided China into Spheres of interest
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What was the Boxer Rebellion?
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Nationalist Chinese rebellion against the foreigners in China.
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Who caused Japan not to be isolated anymore?
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Matthew Perry
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Who was Matthew Perry?
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He was a US Navy General who opened 2 ports in Japan to foreign trade
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What is the Meiji Restoration?
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Meiji emperors made reforms that westernized, modernized and industrialized Japan
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What were the causes of WWI
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MANIA-
M-Militarism A-Alliances N-Nationalism I-Imperialism A- Assassination |
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Who were the Allies?
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Britain, France, Russia
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Who were the Central Powers?
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German, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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What was the Balkan region called?
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Powder Keg of Europe - because of the mix of different nationalities each wanting self rule
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What was the immediate cause of WWI?
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The assassination of Austria-Hungary's Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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What happened during WWI?
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1. Stalemate
2. Deadly new weapons 3. German submarines were sinking US ships (US entered the war on the side of the Allies) 4. The US entry led to victory for the US, Britain and France |
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What were the results of WWI?
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1. Germany was blamed for the war
2. Germany had to pay reparations (money damages) to the Allies 3. Germany lost land and its military force was reduced 4. The Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Hitler and to WWII |
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What did the Treaty of Versailles do?
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It ended WWI
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