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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Akbar
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-Babur's successor
-He was muslim and defended religious freedom -He used a bureaucracy, efficient taxation policy, and land policies that prevented growth of aristocracies -He had a strong, equipped army and was able to unify lands -He extended the Mughal Empire, welcomed influences from many other cultures, and held a Golden Age |
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Animism
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An African religion in which spirits played and important role in controlling daily life. Animists believed that these spirits were present in animals, plants, and other natural forces and then took the form of souls of their dead ancestors. Almost all local religions included elements of animism.
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Aryans
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An Indo-European pastoral nomadic group who first lived in Southern Russia then moved to the Indus Valley and combined with the people already living there. Aryans were separated into Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors), Brahmins (priests), and Vaishyas (traders, farmers, and craftsmen). Their sacred text was the Vedas, and the name given to the time period of the Aryans was the Vedic Age.
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Ascetics
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Someone who looks for a reality no related to everyday activities in hope for inner peace. (india axial age)
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Ashoka
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Chandragupta's grandson who brought the Mauryan empire to its greatest heights. He became a buddhist so his policies were based on Buddhist values. He was a peaceful and loving ruler but the empire was so big so he used the Buddha's urgings to be unselfish. (India golden age)
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Assyrians
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A large empire that developed and grew sophisticated military and weapons. They were attacked often because of their surroundings but they were powerful enough to fight back. They didn't rest conquered people well. They used archery and horses, had powerful leaders, a strong social structure, and governed by fear.
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Aurangzeb
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A son of Shah Jahan who took control of the Mughal Empire. He was a great military leader and aggressive empire builder. He expanded the empire, but it weakened because he didn't treat the people well. He enforced islamic laws and gained many enemies. He raised taxes and drained the empire of all natural resources to become more powerful for war. Soon after his death, the empire fell.
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Axile Age
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Time period when many religions come about spontaneously.
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Babur
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After being driven south by his elders, he built an army, went to india, and laid the groundwork for the hide Mughal empire. He was a strong leader but loved art, poetry and gardens. His sensitivity toward his soldiers made him an effective general.
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Babylonians
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Empire located on the Euphrates river which was founded by semetic nomadic warriors. Hammurabi's code was laws for everyone's use, but punished rich and poor and men and women differently. The laws gave Babylonian government more responsibility.
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Hammurabi
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Babylonian King who was a lawgiver, military leader, diplomate, and the administrator of the empire. He formed Hammurabi's Code.
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Brahminism
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Brahmin religion which included public sacrifices. It was threatened by Jainism and Buddhism, so they adopted some of the other religion's ideas to try and stay dominant. (India Axial Age)
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Sunna
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Muhammad's example which Muslim's believed was the best model for proper living. (islam)
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Shari'a
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The body of law that governs Muslims. (islam)
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Five Pillars of Islam
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Alms- giving to the poor
Prayers- scheduled times for prayers Pilgrimage- Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime Faith- belief in Allah and Muhammad Fasting- self-purification by withholding all desires |
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Muslim Achievements under Abbasid Golden Age
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-algebra
-trigonometry -plastic surgery -germs/medicine -calligraphy -mapmaking/astronomy -poetry -philosophies |
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Confucianism (China axial age)
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-People are naturally good
-all men have the potential to be good and to learn -education prevents corruption Goal- create harmony between people Methods-education -5 relationships -Filial piety -Ren and Li -government leads and should rule by example -Superior man should lead government (Chun Tzu) -moral authority |
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Daoism (china axial age)
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-Man is naturally good
-laws and government corrupt men Goal- to become one with nature (dao) Methods-Wu Wei -let nature take its course -the art of doing nothing -go with the flow -reject learning and government -don't believe in government-individual freedom -no need to have or follow societal laws because they will only cause unhappiness |
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Legalism (china axial age)
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-Naturally Selfish
-Need laws, structure, and punishments to keep controlledGoal-centralizied rule methods-discourage education -censorship (book burning) -laws and punishments-Rulers must govern with a strong punishments -Law is the supreme authority -war with gain the ruler power-individual is subservient to government -individuals should obey a powerful authority rather than exercise individual freedom |
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Era of Warring States (china axial age)
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fighting among the several states in the Zhou kingdom that erupted so quickly
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Sun Tzu
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Author of the military guide, Art of War. (china axial age)
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Shi Huang Di
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(China axial age-Legalism)
Qin ruler and first emperor who stopped internal battles and expanded China |
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Han Synthesis (China Axial Age)
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a synthesis of philosophies that included ideas from legalists, Confucianists, and deists, which became the basis of chinese life
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Feudalism in China Axial Age
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the zhou system of gov where land is divided by the king and is given to nobles based on their loyalty and taxes
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Order of china axial age Dynasties
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-Xia Dynasty
-Shang Dynasty -Zhou Dynasty (Confucianism and Daoisim) -Qin Dynasty (Legalism) -Han Dynasty |
