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31 Cards in this Set
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MEDC Trade |
Have trade deficit which means they import more than they export Increase I'm commercial exports to balance trade out UK : 2007, commercial goods accounted for 38% of export value 60% of exports go to EU 53% go to 7 countries only 2/3 got to 13 countries including China |
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NIC Trade |
Mainly primary goods from agriculture TNCS control ores and oil which are sold West leading to inequality BRAZIL 10th largest economy Part of mercosur 60% of exports go to EU and USA - mainly manufactured and primary goods Imports commercial services |
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LEDC Trade |
Little benefit from global trade Export primary but important manufactured meaning they earn less Volatile prices of exports Lack of stability make LT development hard NGOS support fair trade on coffee sugar tea and bananas BURUNDI 90% subsistence farming HDI 170/177 Exports: 82% coffee, 7% sugar, 5% tea |
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Wal-Mart |
2.1 million jobs, 1.4 in USA Low prices with wide variety 8970 stores in UK USA and 12 others 2010 profit was $16.3 billion Factory in Shenzhen China Wages of 59 cents per hour with overtime paid less 11 plus hours a day 4 days rest a month |
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Ikea |
1983 in Sweden 590 m visitors a year 450m online visitors a year 123000 employees 9500 products 191m catalogue Goals: open 10 to 20 stores a year and doh me sales within 5 years Long term contracts with suppliers which allow for financial assistance and business opportunities Positives: Supply chain is order by hours to ensure work and reduce waste and costs Affordable Flat pack so less transport and material Less than 1% by plane so less co2 Negatives: Supply chain is spread out so more transport needed Supply chain is made to stock so it relies on forecasts causing shortages leading to overestimations |
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Toyota |
1937 No1 car manufacturer 2010 300000 employees and 7.5m cars Hq in Japan Toyota city Regional Hq in North America Asia and EU that make local decisions Research and development in Japan and 7 others 52 production units in 27 countries 1970s produced in Japan and exported but by 200 had global production Why UK? Automotive history, English is 2nd language, engineering workforce, access to EU and large domestic market, roads like M1 A50 A38, 270 ha site Gov support as want fdi and jobs |
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Coca Cola Water Contamination |
Bottling plant in Nejapa El Salvador Downstream Contamination has left fish dead and swimmers with rash 30000 people rely on San Antonio ricer for water however this is now unsafe Pollution levels are 5 x that of the legal limit |
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Coca Cola Child Labour |
Harvest sugar can using machetes and sharp knives - most dangerous type of agriculture 1/3 of plantation workers are kids in El Salvador Not covered by medical insurance Miss school - north of San Salvador 20% are absent during harvest |
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Coca Cola Foundation |
1984 $650m to improve sustainability of local communities worldwide Hiv aids prevention and awareness in Latin America and Africa Use supply line knowledge to distribute medicine in rural Africa Invested $1.2 million Tanzania and Ghana helped Plan to help Mozambique and 7 others By 2010 Tanzania had 5500 health centres and 30% increase in the availability of medicine |
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China Social |
Working Conditions Work 14 hours with 1 day off and low wages No safety guards on machines Injury 12x as many deaths as UK and 13 people lose limbs daily as a result of lack of guards and masks |
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China Economic Problems |
Low wages of monthly min $107 for 8hrs 5 days Sleep in dorms Pressure to improve conditions Eco development in western provinces has reduced no. Of migrant workers forcing better conditions and benefits Production costs have risen due to lack of labour and supply chains have moved overseas to Indonesia as cheaper |
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China Environmental Problems |
Rural urban migration 60% of guangdong live in cities and 77% of PRD Expected to rise to 85% by 2020 Air pollution peaks in winter and in NW PRD 130 days of brown smog in guangzhou So2 from power stations in guangzhou is above safe level 3/4 of huang dong don't have sewage or treatment centres Compromises water supply and quality on PRD PRD heavily polluted and guangzhou is lifeless 2005 guangzhou and Foshan began their clean up |
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UK political benefits |
Trade blocs like the eu Low tarrifs Open borders Guarantee trade Financial help in crisis Political influence |
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UK political problems |
Terrorism Created by ethnic diversity open borders and rapid transportation Also loss of culture Loss of power EU and TNCS take away power causing voter apathy and less votes |
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UK environmental benefits |
International cooperation Makes solving cross border environmental problems more likely Deindustrialisation Helps to improve environmental conditions |
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UK environmental problems |
Increase in pollution More wealth has increased travel which causes more air pollution Population growth Creates a demand for land water and resources Industrialisation China's economic growth has had global impacts |
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UK economic benefits |
Investment Open economy attracts fdi Creates jobs which raise gdp Increase national income Financial deregulation Less laws means London has become top 3 financial centre Low costs Production cheap from China help keep inflation low |
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UK economic problems |
Job losses Global shift has caused a decline in traditional industries Unemployment is concentrated geographically Creates wider pay gap TNCS Take investment away from the UK Speculative investment like hedge funds create financial instability |
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UK social benefits |
Economic Growth has created and increase on spending on health and education Improved transport and communication links means that the global market is better connected transforming lives Comsopolitan nature of society means there's more ethnic diversity |
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UK social problems |
Immigration caused by strong economy is unsustainable On positive side it increase our workforce as they do undesirable jobs, it increase tax putting less burden on British and increase diversity adding a new pov On negative side 800000 don't speak English, decrease UK wage and jobs for British and it puts pressure on services like the nhs |
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Emergency Aid Ebola |
3700 children orphaned in West Africa Many died Spread quickly Aid from UK to Sierra leone £100m for protective suits and water sanitation £20m for chlorine tablets and keeping public health running Successful as it's no longer spreading |
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Emergency Aid Mali and Niger |
Very poor, low life expectancy, drought, famine, high infant mortality and women suppressed Aid from UK un unicef and oxfam UK gave £30m Water purification tablets Food for 600000 for 1 month 245 cereal banks opened Lowered infant mortality, increased life expectancy, improved quality of life Increased education and skills as farmers now had tools needed |
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Emergency Aid Cyclone Nargis |
South Myanmar on 2/3 may 2008 2.4m affected 140,000 died, 450,000 homeless, 350,000 properties damaged
Aid from 13 un agencies and 23 Ngos Provided food shelter clean water medical equipment and rebuilt infrastructure
Successful as it helped the area, however long term financial support was needed - borrowed $1b for 3 years Gov uncooperative At start un was blocked, 13 helicopters from un world food programme couldn't land and 4 us warship carrying food couldn't dock After 1 month access was granted but only 1/2 people could be helped |
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Development Aid Water in Zimbabwe |
Changes in weather have caused plants to die causing poverty (can't afford school fees) and malnutrition Oxfam aiding by developing simple irrigation draining water from dams via pipes and teaching farmers how to use the land Successful as 100s of homes benefit from low cost irrigation, 1000s affected and crop yield increased by 240% |
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Development Aid City Community Challenge Uganda |
Rural to urban migration has caused overcrowding in slums leading to poverty, crime and no sanitation 25% have HIV and work is mainly in the informal sector UK gave 2m in grants and loan to improve the community Ngos provided a bottom up approach EG Mpumudde one of the poorest regions focus was on housing development. 74 low cost houses have been created but it'll be 286 in the long term, each house also gets a grant of 2400. Also taught skill like bricklaying Successful as 140 business in retail fishing and carpentry created by 2004 Improved training programmes and sanitation too |
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Development Aid Pakistan |
2/3 of girls are illiterate 9m don't go to school 9m have school interrupted by conflict 1/3 live of less than $1 a day UK by 2015 gave 6m books Built 43000 classrooms and new schools Benefited 6000 girls Successful as 590000 helped in khyberpakhtunhwa Free books too but this is tied aid as they're produced in the UK Once educated girls marry and give birth later, have better personal health, earn 20% more for every educated year and have 1 less kid for every 4 school years |
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Cyclone Sidr Bangladesh 2007 |
Economic + Flood water increase land fertility and crop yields - 1.5 million homes destroyed - Factory output decreased by 20% - Cost $450 million - Infrastructure damaged - 1m hectares of crops destroyed
Environmental + Sediment increases crops - Waste spread - Water contaminated - 1m hectares of crops destroyed - 1/4 of mangrove world heritage site destroyed by wind and storm surges. Take years to recover Social + Early warning system reduced deaths - 4000 died - 461,750 livestock died - 34,500 injured - 7.8m affected - 1,179,000 homes destroyed in 30 districts - Worst hit areas were Bagerhat Barguna and Pirojpur with 2618 deaths and 119500 homes destroyed - Water contaminated with rubbish and corpses - Roads rail and electric were disrupted |
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Monserrat Eruption |
In the Sourfriere Hills Volcano Became active in 1995 By 2005 leaked 0.5km3 of lava Peaked at 1997 19 died 6500 lost everything Plymouth destroyed by pc flow lava and fire 2/3 uninhabitable South agricultural land destroyed by ash and pc flow Used to rely on 4000 tourists a year but now airports roads and hotels have been destroyed At Cork Hill lava ran near school In Salem minor injuries from falling rock and pebbles |
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Monserrat Eruption Management |
South is and exclusion zone Pop relocated to North North overcrowded and squalid for years Over half relocated pop migrated to UK USA and ANTIGUA Created a loss of community Most who left were young uneducated females Trying to rebuild infra - UK and Europe gave £200m to regeneration Since 1995 they monitor seismic activity and gas level to warn and evacuate people quicker |
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Eyjafjallajokull |
Volcano covered in an ice cap in southern Iceland Mid Atlantic Ridge between eurasian and north American plates 14 April 2010 for 1 week Environmental: Ash thrown km up into the air Ice melted causing flooding in south Rivers were 100x usual size 25% of ice in the crater melted in 2 days Floods and landslides in south Economic: Airlines lost $1b due to cancelled flights Tui lost £5-6m a day and £20m in total Ash disrupted industry too Kenya flower company had to keep 500 tonnes in coolers at Nairobi Airport Growers lost $1.5-2m daily Wages of 100,000 from 300 companies were reduced to cope with losses Social: No deaths Ash delayed flights UK air space closed from 15-20 Forced to get trains and although has free tickets they had to queue for 4 hours Sense of helplessness as people stranded 8500 soldiers coming home were delayed prolonging journey Aircraft carrying wounded from afghan was disrupted Roads flooded causing south to be cut off |
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Kashmir |
Part of India China Pakistan 8 October 2005 for 60 secs 7.6 Aftershocks for 2 days at 6 Epicentre 105km from Islamabad 9 districts Economic Bridges building and electric gone 1/2 infra damage in muzaffrabad Buildings poorly built Hospital and school poorly built $5b Electricity failure prolonged rescue No business so reduced income Windows and roads cracked
Social 8700 died 3.3 m homeless 120000 Injured Kids buried in school Water contamination Pneumonia etc Death from cold as in tent at below -15 School resources destroyed Hospital destroyed 17 and 30 in quran link to apocalypse therefore increased fear
Political Gov unresponsive due to conflict with civilians and foreign aid workers Conflict over ownership Environmental 2000 landslide Hill veg destroyed Heavy rain made rescue harder Cattle and crops okay |
