Global History Unit 3 Sections 1-5

Front 1

Subcontinent

Back 1

Large, distinguishable part of a continent

Front 2

Monsoon

Back 2

Seasonal winds- Regularly blow from a certain direction for part of the year

Front 3

Plateau

Back 3

Raised level of land

Front 4

Harappa

Back 4

Indus city; 3 miles in circumference; dominated by hilltop structure with unknown purpose. Mud and unbaked bricks for building materials.

Front 5

Aryans

Back 5

Nomads; belong to group of Indo-European speaking people; migrated across Europe and Asia

Front 6

Mahabharata

Back 6

India's greatest epic; 100,000 verses; about warfare and religion; 18 day battle to restore peace to India

Front 7

Mohenjo-Daro

Back 7

Indus city; laid out in organized pattern; long main streets and large rectangular blocks. Built with baked clay bricks. Abandoned completely after major flood.

Front 8

Veneration

Back 8

Special regard for something

Front 9

Vedas

Back 9

Aryan collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religions teachings. Because the Aryans built no cities or left behind much archaeological evidence, what we know about them is based on the Vedas.

Front 10

Rajah

Back 10

Aryan tribe chiefs

Front 11

Brahmah

Back 11

Spiritual power; existed beyond many gods of Vedas; resided in all things

Front 12

Mystic

Back 12

Those who seek direct communication with divine forces; practice meditation and yoga

Front 13

Acculturation

Back 13

Blending of two or more cultures

Front 14

Atman

Back 14

Essential self of Hindus

Front 15

Moksha

Back 15

Union with Brahman; ultimate goal of existence for Hindus

Front 16

Karma

Back 16

Actions in this life that positively or negatively effect his or her fate in the next life

Front 17

Reincarnation

Back 17

Cycle of death and rebirth; believed in Hinduism and Buddhism

Front 18

Dharma

Back 18

Religious and moral duties (Hindu)

Front 19

Ahimsa

Back 19

Key principal of Hinduism, nonviolence

Front 20

Caste System

Back 20

Social groups into which people are born; rarely changed

Front 21

Nirvana

Back 21

Union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth

Front 22

Sect

Back 22

Subgroup (Buddhism)

Front 23

Four Noble Truths

Back 23

1. All life is full of suffering.

2. The cause of suffering is nonvirtue.

3. One must overcome nonvirtue to end suffering.

4. The way to overcome suffering is through following the Eightfold Path.

Front 24

Eightfold

Back 24

One must have the right:

•Views

•Aspirations

•Speech

•Conduct

•Liveliness

•Mindfulness

•Contemplation

Front 25

Chandragupta Maurya

Back 25

Young adventurer; forged first Indian empire

Front 26

Dissent

Back 26

Ideas that opposed that of the government

Front 27

Asoka

Back 27

Most honored Maurya emperor; Chandragupta's grandson. Fought in a bloody war that disgusted him to the point that he converted to Buddhism and followed strict policy of nonviolence

Front 28

Missionary

Back 28

People sent on religious missions

Front 29

Golden Age

Back 29

Period of great cultural achievement

Front 30

Decimal System

Back 30

System of numbers based on 10 digits; used today

Front 31

Joint Family

Back 31

Parents, children, and offspring share a common dwelling

Front 32

Dowry

Back 32

Payment to bridegroom; provided by bride's family in northern India

Front 33

Loess

Back 33

Fine, wind-blown, yellow soil that is carried eastward from Siberia and Mongolia

Front 34

Clan

Back 34

Groups of families who share a common ancestor

Front 35

Dynastic Cycle

Back 35

Rise and fall of empires

Front 36

Feudalism

Back 36

Local lords governed own land, but owed military service and other support to the ruler

Front 37

Confucious

Back 37

Great Chinese thinker; born in 551 BC, wanted to bring peace to China, as it was in constant warfare

Front 38

Laozi

Back 38

Great thinker who founded Daoism

Front 39

Philosophy

Back 39

System of ideas concerned with worldly goals; especially those of ensuring social order and good government

Front 40

Filial Piety

Back 40

Respect for parents; Confucius put this above all other duties

Front 41

Daoism

Back 41

Philosophy about living in harmony with nature; government believed to be unnatural; Dao is the "way of the universe"

Front 42

Oracle Piety

Back 42

Animal bones or turtle shells that Shang priest wrote questions to the gods or spirits of ancestors

Front 43

Calligraphy

Back 43

An artful writing form created by Chinese scholars

Front 44

Shi Huangdi

Back 44

Unified China; led Qin dynasty; brutal methods; legalist rule; abolished feudalism; began construction of Great Wall.

Front 45

Wudi

Back 45

Han dynasty emperor, strengthened government and economy, set up imperial university, improved canals and roads, reorganized finances, set up a monopoly on iron and salt

Front 46

Monopoly

Back 46

Complete control of a product or business by one person or group

Front 47

Expansionism

Back 47

Expanding a country's territory

Front 48

Civil servants

Back 48

Officials in the government

Front 49

Warlords

Back 49

Local military leaders

Front 50

Acupuncture

Back 50

When doctors insert needles into the skin at specific points to relieve pain or treat certain illnesses

Front 51

Ultimate goal of Hinduism?

Back 51

Moksha, union with Brahman.

Front 52

Ultimate goal of Buddhism?

Back 52

Nirvana, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth

Front 53

Role of Mandate of Heaven and Dynastic Cycle in China?

Back 53

The Mandate of Heaven was the divine right to rule. Dynasty had good government: enjoys Mandate of Heaven. Rulers became weak or corrupt: heaven withdrew its support. Results of this: floods, famines, catastrophes. New leader can seize power during this time. Success and strong government wins back Mandate of Heaven, and Dynastic Cycle restarts.

Front 54

How did the Silk Road and the Great Wall affect China's relationship with the outside world?

Back 54

The Silk Road was a "cultural bridge" between China, Europe, and Asia, and allowed China to interact with the outside world. The Great Wall of China

Front 55

Indian subcontinent (South Asia)

Back 55

Hindu Kush and Himalayas mark northern border. Limited contact with outside world.

Front 56

3 Zones of Indian Subcontinent

Back 56

Gangetic Plain (north, fertile plain watered by Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers)

Deccan Plateau (arid and sparsely populated)

Coastal Plains (separated from Deccan by Eastern and Western Ghats)

Front 57

How did monsoons shape India?

Back 57

The monsoons brought rain that was desperately needed for crops. Rains late= famine and starvation. Rains too heavy= rivers unleash deadly floods.

Front 58

Monsoon months

Back 58

October: winds blow from northeast

•Bring hot, dry air that withers crops

Mid-June: summer winds blow from southwest.

•Pick up moisture from Indian Ocean •Cause downpours.

Front 59

How was Aryan society divided?

Back 59

By occupation.

1. Brahmins (priests)

2. Kshatriyas (warriors)

3. Sudras (laborers)

Front 60

Indra

Back 60

God of war

Front 61

Religion of Aryans

Back 61

Polytheistic. Worshipped gods who embodied natural forces. Also honored animal deities.

Later, the beliefs of some Aryans drifted towards notion of Brahman. Others moved towards mysticism.

Front 62

Ramayana

Back 62

Aryan epic that tells of a hero and his bride. Teaches values of behavior.

Front 63

Why was it believed that the Zhou overthrew the Shang?

Back 63

The Shang had become tyrants so the gods of the Mandate of Heaven allowed them to fall.

Front 64

Huang He/ Yellow River

Back 64

Creates North China Plain; has fertile soil called loess; long cold winters, short, hot summers; Dikes built to prevent flooding, but settled silt required for them to be built higher each year; they have not been able to prevent flooding. Floods= even more devastating because waters couldn't recede because of dikes.

Front 65

Chang Jiang/ Yangzi/ Yangtze River

Back 65

Longest river in China; located in central China. Very navigable and important for trade. 10% of worlds population lives in this valley.

Front 66

Xi Jiang River

Back 66

Southern China; important commercial waterway because ships can navigate 1/3 of its length.

Front 67

Gobi desert

Back 67

Rain shadow desert caused by Himalayans blocking rain clouds from reaching Gobi. Marked by temperature extremes.

Front 68

What made China develop in isolation?

Back 68

Towering mountains and formidable deserts cut the Chinese from the rest of the world. Result: Less cultural diffusion and distinctive culture.