Global History Key Themes And Concepts

Front 1

Belief Systems

Back 1

the established, orderly ways in which groups or individuals look at religious faith or philosophical tenets

Front 2

Change

Back 2

Basic alterations in things, events, and ideas

Front 3

Choice

Back 3

the right or power to select from a range of alternatives

Front 4

Conflict

Back 4

disagreement or opposition between ideas or groups, which may lead to an armed struggle

Front 5

Culture and Intellectual Life

Back 5

the patterns of human behavior that includes ideas, beliefs, values, artifacts, and ways of making a living that any society transmits to succeeding generations to meet its fundamental needs. It also includes ways of thinking, studying, and reflecting on ideas and life

Front 6

Diversity

Back 6

understanding and respecting others and oneself, including any similarities or differences in language, gender, socioeconomic class, religion, and other human characteristics and traits

Front 7

Empathy

Back 7

the ability to understand others through identifying in oneself responses similar to the experiences, behaviors, and response to others

Front 8

Identity

Back 8

awareness of one's own values, attitudes, and capabilities as an individual and a member of various groups

Front 9

Imperialism

Back 9

the domination by one country of the political and/or economic life of another country or region

Front 10

Interdependence

Back 10

reliance upon others in mutually beneficial interactions and exchanges

Front 11

Movement of people and Goods

Back 11

the exchange of people, ideas, products, technologies, and institutions from one region or civilization to another, a process that has existed throughout history.

Front 12

Nationalism

Back 12

a feeling of pride and devotion to one's country or the desire of a people to control their own government, free from foreign interference or rule

Front 13

Urbanization

Back 13

movement of people from rural to urban city areas

Front 14

The World in Spatial Terms

Back 14

Geography studies the relationships among people, places, and environments by mapping information about them in a spatial context

Front 15

Places and Regions

Back 15

The identities and lives of individuals and peoples rooted in particular places and in those human contructs called regions

Front 16

Physical Systems

Back 16

Physical processes, such as erosion and flooding, shape Earth's surface and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems

Front 17

Human Systems

Back 17

People are central to geography in that human activities help shape Earth's surface, human settlements and structures are part of Earth's surface, and humans compete for control of the Earth's surface

Front 18

Environment and Society

Back 18

Environment means the surroundings, including natural elements and elements created by humans. The physical environment is modified by human activities, largely as a consequence of the ways in which human societies value and use Earth's natural resources, and human activities are also influenced by Earth's phusical features and processes

Front 19

The Uses of Geography

Back 19

Knowledge of geography enables people to develop an understanding of the relationships between people, places, and environments over time--that is, of Earth as it was, is, and might be

Front 20

Economic Systems

Back 20

traditional, command, market, and mixed syste,s. Each must answer the three basic economic questions: What goods and services are to be produced? How shall these goods and services be produced? For whom shall these goods and services be produced?

Front 21

Factors of Production

Back 21

human, natural, and capital resources that, when combined, can be converted to various goods and services

Front 22

Needs and Wants

Back 22

those goods and services that are essential, such as food, clothing and shelter (needs, and those goods and services that people would like to have to improve their lives, such as education, security, health care, and entertainment (wants).

Front 23

Scarcity

Back 23

the conflict between unlimited needs and wants and limited natural and human resources

Front 24

Science and Technology

Back 24

the tools and methods used by poeple to get what they need and want

Front 25

Citizenship

Back 25

membership in a community with its accompanying rights, responsibilities, and dispositions

Front 26

Civic Values

Back 26

important principles that serve as the foundation for our democratic form of government. These values include justice; honesty; self-discipline; due process of law; equality; majority rule with respect for minority rights; and respect of self, others, and property

Front 27

Decision Making

Back 27

the process through which people monitor and influence public and civil life by working with others, clearly articulating ideals, and interests, building coalition, seeking consensus, negotiating compromise, and managing conflict

Front 28

Government

Back 28

the formal institutions and processes of a politically organized society with authority to make, enforce, and interpret laws and other binding rules about matters of common interest and concern. Government also refers to a group of people--acting in formal political institutions at national, state, and local levels--who exercise decision making power or enforce laws and regulations

Front 29

Human Rights

Back 29

basic political, economic, and social rights to which all human beings are entitled, such as the right to life, liberty, security of person, and a standard of living adequate for health and well-being of oneself and one's family. Human rights are inalienable and are expressed in various United nations docments, including the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Front 30

Justice

Back 30

fair, equal, proportional, or appropriate treatment rendered to individuals in interpersonal, societal, or government interactions

Front 31

Nation-state

Back 31

a geographic/political organization that unites peopl through a common government

Front 32

Political Systems

Back 32

includes monarchies, dictatoriships, democracies, and address certain basic questions of government, such as: What should a government have the power to do? What should a government not have the power to do? A political sustem also provides for ways in which parts of that system interrelate and combine to perfprm specific functions of government

Front 33

Power

Back 33

the ability of people to compel or influence the actions of others. Legitimate, or rightful, pwer is called authority