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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four characteristics that make the Greeks unique?
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1. first western civilization.
2. first democracy. 3. their art/architecture 4. their mythology |
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What makes Greek mythology unique from other mythology?
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it was the first time the gods were portrayed as human-like
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What was the first Greek time period and describe it.
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Mycenean Era- made up of Indo-Europeans
*iliad and odyssey were written |
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What was the second Greek time period?
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Hellenic Era- "golden age"
*socrates' great intellect was responsible for this era |
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Who was responsible for the Parthenon?
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Pericles
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What was the third Greek time period?
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Hellenistic Era- means 'greeklike'
*Macedonians conquered Greece |
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What were the greeks known as?
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the hellenes
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What are four governments that existed pre-greece?
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monarchy, oligarchy, democracy, dictatorship
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a) What is a monarchy?
b) what are two flaws? c) what are two modern-day monarchies? |
a) government ruled by a king
b) one person has ALL power and no voting is involved c) england and saudi arabia |
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a) what is an oligarchy?
b) what are two flaws? |
a) a state ruled by nobility
b) run by elites who only want to help the wealthy; elected by each other |
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What is another word for one who is wealthy and intelligent?
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elite
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Name and explain the two types of democracy.
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direct- small community; everyone has a direct voice to the government
representative- elect people to represent us |
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Name four examples of dictators.
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hitler, fidel castro, saddam hussein, julius ceasar
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What are two important greek events?
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the persian and pelopponesian war
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What are three important battles of the Persian War, and what happened at each battle?
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MARATHON- Athenians were outnumbered 2.5 to 1, but they defeated the Persians (Pheidippides running 26 miles)
THERMOPYLAE- Darius' son Xerxes led huge invasion; found 7,000 greeks blocking his way. a traitor informed the Persians about a secret path; fearing defeat, the Persians retreated while 3,000 spartans remained to hold off the Persians. all were killed. SALAMIS- athenians put fleet in a narrow channel near island of Salamis; when Persian ships entered the narrow channel they couldn't turn and 1/3 of Xerxes' fleet sank |
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Who won the Pelopponesian War?
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sparta
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Who made the League of Corinth?
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Philip II
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What was the knot that Alexandar cut to gain Asia?
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Gordian's Knot
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Why did Alexander have his men intermarry with Persian women?
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He respected Persia and told his soldiers NOT to harm it, but when they were partying they got drunk and burned the capital. So Alexandar had them intermarry.
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Who did Alexandar say were the most firece fighters?
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the Indians
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What was Greece's main geography?
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Mountains
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How many islands was Greece made up of?
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about 2,000
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What were three important Greek transporation routes?
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the Aegean, Ionian, and Black seas
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Why was trade important to the Greece?
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they lacked natural resources
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a)How much of Greece was made up of rugged mountains
b) what did the mountains do? c) what made up the remaining percentage? |
a)75%
b)divided Greece into different, independent regions c) 25% fertile valleys |
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Why could Greece never hold a large population?
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Because it had a lack of farmland and freshwater
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Who were the first people to settle in Greece?
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Mycenaeans
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Who showed the Mycenaeans the value of seaborn trade?
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Minoans
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What parts of Minoan life did the Mycenaeans adapt?
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their writing system and their art
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Who was the Trojan War between?
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Mycenaenas and Troy
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Where was Troy located?
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Anatolia
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Who came in after the Mycenaeans?
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The Dorians
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What happened during the time of the Dorians?
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Greeks lost art of writing
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What does arete mean?
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virtue and excellence
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Other than Homer's works, what was another great epic?
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Theogony by Hesoid
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What's another word for a city-state?
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polis
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What is another word for a market place?
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agora
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What is an acropolis?
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a fortified hilltop
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How did tyrants sieze control of the government?
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they appealed to the common people for support
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What did Draco do?
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he developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians were equal under the law
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After Draco, who made more reforms and what were they?
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SOLON; said that no citizen should own another citizen
*he organized citizens into four wealth classes *introduced concept that any citizen can bring charges on wrongdoers |
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After Solon, who made more reforms and what were they?
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CLEISTHENES; grouped citizens into where they lived and vreated the council of five hundred
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Who created the council of five hundred and what did they do?
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proposed laws and counseled the assembly
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Where was Sparta located?
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the Pelopponesus
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Who did Sparta first conquer?
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Messenia
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What are helots?
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peasants forced to stay on the land they worked
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What caused Sparta to focus mainly on its military?
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the Messenians revolted and outnumbered Spartans 8 to 1; Spartans barely put down the revolt
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What were the branches of Sparta's government?
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1. assembly (all citizens) - elected and voted on issues
2. council of elders (30 older citizens) - proposed laws 3. five elected officials - passed laws and prosecuted court cases 4. two kings- ruled over military forces |
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Up until what age were Spartans expected to serve in the army?
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60
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How were women in Sparta valued?
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they had considerable freedom
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What were Spartan foot soldiers called?
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hoplites
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How did the Persian war start?
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when the Persians settled in Greek territory, the Ionians revolted and Athens sent an army to help them; Darius defeated the Ionians and vowed to destroy Athens
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Why was the Delian League formed?
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it was formed in an allianced against the persians with several greek city-states
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Who led Athens during much of the golden age?
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pericles
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what were Pericles' three goals?
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to strengthen the athenian democracy, to hold and strengthen the empire, to glorify athens
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How did Pericles achieve each of his goals?
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STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY- introducted direct democracy
STRENTHENING EMPIRE- used Delian League's money to strengthen the navy GLORIFYING ATHENS- used Delian League's money to build and beautify (parthenon) |
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Who sculpted the Parthenon?
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Phidias
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What were the Athenina standards for classical art?
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harmony, order, balance, and proportion
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Who were three notable Athenian dramatists and what did they write?
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Aeschylus- Oresteia
Sophocles-Oedipus, the King, and Antigone Euripides- Medea |
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Who wrote the first great comedies and what was the first great comedy?
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Aristophanes; The Birds and the Lyistrata
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Who was Herodotus and Thucydides?
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both Historians
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What was the Spartans' strategy for the Pelopponesian war?
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they put a blockade on sparta; a plague swept through the city and killed 1/3 of the population (including Pericles)
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Who was the most famous Sophist?
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Protagoras
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How does the chain of Philospher-student go?
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Socrates-Plato-Aristotle-Alexander
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What did Plato write and what was it?
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The Republic- his idea of the perfect government; people fell into three classes: farmers/artisans, warriors, and rulers
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What was Philip king of?
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Macedonia
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Who was Demosthenes and what did he do?
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He was the Athenian orator and he warned the Greeks about the Macedonian invasion, but they didn't agree on uniting against Philip
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At what battle did the Macedonians defeat the Greeks?
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Chaeronea
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What happened when Thebes rebelled against Alexander?
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He destroyed their city; 6,00 Thebans were killed and the rest sold into slavery
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How did the Persians gain control of Anatolia?
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Macedonians were outnumbered 60,000 to 35,000 soldiers; his soldiers went for a weak spot in the phalanx and went for Darius, who fled along with his soldiers
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What was the capital of Persia?
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Persepolis
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After Alexander's death, what three leaders got what part of his empire?
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Antigonus- Macedonia and Greek city-states
Ptolemy- Egypt Selecus- Most of Persian Empire |
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What was the popular spoken language in Hellenistic cities?
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Koine
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What was the center of commerce in Hellenistic civilization?
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Alexandria
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What did Aristarchus do?
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came up with the theories that the sun was 300 times larger than the Earth AND that the Earth and other planets revolved around the sun
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What did Eratosthenes do?
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calculated the Earth's circumference at 28,000 to 29,000 miles (about 4,000 miles off)
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What did Euclid do?
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he was a highly regarded Alexandrian mathematician who wrote ELEMENTS, which is the basis for geometry today.
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What did Archimedes do?
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accurately estimated the value of pi; explained the law of the lever; invented the archimedes screw (a water raising device); invented the compound pulley
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Who founded Stoicism, and what is it?
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Zeno; proposed that people should live in harmony with god's will, that desires&power&wealth were bad
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Who founded Epicureanism and what is it?
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Epicurus; taught that gods had no interest in humans, believed in nothing you couldn't see,
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What does the word epicurean today mean?
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a person devoted to pursuing human pleasures (especially good food)
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Where was the largest known hellenistic statue?
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the island of rhodes (collosus of rhodes)
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