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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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literacy |
good measure of educational attainment by measuring reading capacity, comprehension, and communication and expression |
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numeracy (basic & advanced) |
ability to reason and apply simple numerical concepts basic: +, -, *, / adv: ratios,etc. |
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social mobility |
movement of individuals or groups in social standing //income inequality and intergenerational mobility are closely reltated |
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goals of health systems |
1) good health 2) responsiveness to the expectations of the population 3) fairness of financial contribution |
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functions of a health system |
provision of health services, resource generation, financing, and stewardship |
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human resources |
training professionals |
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material resources |
facilities, medications, supplies and equiptment |
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how are health systems financed? |
taxes, donations, out of pocket, social health insurance and private health insurance |
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how are health systems evaluated? |
quality, equity, efficiency, and acceptibility |
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primary care |
basic maternal and child health services, family planning, treatment of endemic diseases, vaccinations, managing hypertension and BP -disease status: succeptible -effects: reduced incidence of disease |
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secondary care |
acute care services, childbirth services, disease diagnostics, cardiology and dermatology, basic surgical and emergency care disease status: asymptomatic/mild symptoms effects: reduced prevalence or consequence |
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tertiary care |
specialized surgical services, neonatal care, advanced emergency care, HIV and cancer treatment disease status: symptomatic impacts: disability |
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utilization |
how much health care people use, the types they use and their timing |
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equity |
the absence of systematic disparities in health between groups with different levels of underlying social advantages and disadvantages |
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disparities |
population specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, quality of health care, and access to health care services that exist across racial and ethnic groups |
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state funded and provided health system |
-funded and ran by government -healthcare providers are government employees -publicly provided universal insurance -funded by taxes -UK, Spain, NZ |
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state funded and publicly provided 1 |
hospitals are public or private healthcare providers are mostly private employees funded by taxes Canada, South Korea |
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state funded and publicly provided 2 |
hospitals are either public or private healthcare providers are mostly private employees universal, public, and private insurance funded by employers and payroll taxes Germany, France, Netherlands |
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Privately funded and provided |
hospitals are privately operated private employees privately managed insurance companies funded by premiums and out of pocket payments |
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hallmarks of full private health systems: |
-"health is a personal good" -ownership of facilities is private, for profit, and non profit -insurance is private, for profit, and non -financed by taxes, employers, fees, donations |
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hallmarks of fully public health systems |
-health is a fundamental right -ownership of facilities is largely public -insurance is largely universal -financed by taxes |
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top two causes of neonatal infant mortality |
prematurity and pneumonia |
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essential care for newborns includes: |
-ensuring the baby is breathing -early initiation of breastfeeding -warmth -hygenic cord and skin care -washing hands before touching the baby |
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maternal mortality has ______ by 45% since 1990. |
decreased |
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99% of maternal deaths occur in ________ |
developing countries |
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Risk factors for poor maternal health: |
-lack of education and social status -nutritional status -number of births -birth spacing -health staff attendance |
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what is birth spacing? benefits?
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amount of time between births spacing reduces deaths and gives mothers body time to recuperate |
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US maternal mortality rate has ______ over the past 3 decades |
increased |
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l |
l |
