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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Global health.
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Refers to health problems that transcend national borders. Those diseases that can be spread from one country to another. Those that are of such magnitude that they have a global political and economic impact.
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Discuss global population growth, life expectancy, urbanization, and mortality.
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Global population: world population is growing by 78 million persons/yr. The U.S. is responsible for 4% of the increase. Population growth is faster in poor regions by 6-fold. Growth in more, less developed countries.
Life expectancy: you see that their is a gap between the life expectancy in less developed vs. developed countries. There are more older people in countries that are more well developed. Urbanization: there are more people living in cities now which has an implication on the transmission of disease (living in close quarters will increase the transmission of disease). Global mortality: in lower income countries, about 20% of deaths are children |
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Explain the 3 types of population pyramids. What countries are you more likely to find these in?
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Expansive: larger #'s of the population are younger age groups & usually the is a decrease in the population with each age group before it. Like a triangle; found in less developed countries.
Constrictive:lower #'s of young people --> U.S. Stationary: slowly growing population; births roughly ='s deaths and # of individuals in each age group are roughly equal. Constructive: Stationary: |
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What are the leading causes of death by development status?
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Developing countries: AIDS, LRI's, ischemic heart disease, diarrheal diseases, Cerebrovascular disease, childhood diseases, malaria
Developed countries: Heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, LRI's, cancer NOW THAT AIDS is the #1 killer in non-developed countries. |
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Describe the differences in the type of disease (non-infectious/infectious/injuries) in developed vs. non-developed countries.
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Developed countries: die from more NON-infectious diseases (non-infectious > infectious > injuries)
Non-developed countries: infectious diseases > non-infectious diseases > injuries |
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What are the factors that favor the emergence of infectious diseases?
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2-factor complexes:human-to-human transmission. Wide geographic distribution; affected by human behavior, not by temp or rainfall.
3 factor complexes: transmission through a vector; limited geographically by the vector 4 factor complex: when the human is the accidental host of a vector-non-human host. (i.e. Eastern/Western equine); geographic distribution are more limited |
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How does temperature affect infectious diseases?
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reservoir lifecycle is limited by heat and cold.
tropical agents generally develop more rapidly & to higher infectious titers at warm temps arthropods develop more rapidly @ warmer temps temp affects the size of the adult arthropod --> mosquitos are smaller at warmer temps and require more blood meals rainfall and other water sources are essential to 3 & 4 factor complexes increase in rainfall increases food for rodents, & therfore rodent population |
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What are the factors favoring the emergence of infectious diseases?
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-population growth: esp in urban areas inadequate sanitation/water supply/food dist. & storage/crowded
-Ease & speed of travel: how easy it is for someone to move to different countries who's harboring a disease -Dam building: displaces rural population -movement into previously uninhabited (ebola/lyme disease/HIV) -relocation of animals (monkey pox) -global warming (more mosquitos/droughts and floods will increase vector population) -war/political crisis -day care/ nursing homes -antibiotic overuse |
