Global Connections Chapter 32 Pacific Islands

Front 1

What are the three geographic subregions of the Pacific Islands?

Back 1

Melanesia
Mironesia
Polynesia

Front 2

What is the difference between a reef and an atoll?

Back 2

A reef forms at the edges of a volcanic island . When the volcanic island sinks and forms a ring on top, the ring is the atoll. So the reef is around the island, and the top part is the atoll - see pic in page 732

Front 3

How might the destruction of the world’s coral reefs affect the biological diversity of the oceans?

Back 3

-25% of all species in the ocean live on coral reefs.
- CRs provide food and shelter for them, so if the CRs are destroyed the entire food chain is affected

Front 4

What is the ITCZ? How does it affect the islands of the Pacific?

Back 4

ITCZ - Intertropical Convergeance Zone - formed when the NE trade winds and SE trade winds converge (meet)
- calm humid weather at low elevations BUT harsh weather at high elevations ->where heavy rain falls form as cool air rises - causes typhoons and bad weather in the oceans..

Front 5

What are the main natural resources of the Pacific islands?

Back 5

- FISH and shelffish
- PEARLS that come from oysters
- TIMBER (wood) - in Papa New Guinea
- metals in some areas: gold, copper deposits

Front 6

Where did the first settlers of the Pacific islands come from?

Back 6

SE Asia -

some from AUstralia Aborigenes

Front 7

Which European countries were interested in colonizing the Pacific islands? Why?

Back 7

Spanish, Dutch, English .French, Germans, etc

Came to explore, trade, spread christianity and most importantly claim new land for their countries

Front 8

When did most of the Pacific islands nations receive independence?

Back 8

since the end of WWII

Front 9

What six foreign countries still have territories in the Pacific today?

Back 9

US, Australia, Chile, Frane, UK, New Zealand

Front 10

What are pidgin languages?

Back 10

- a language developed by the island people
- a simpler language for them
- based on English language

Front 11

European Arrival:

Back 11

wait

Front 12

Education:

Back 12

-all kids study through High School in Micro and Poly
- schools not available to all kids in Melanesia
- some universities - in English (mainly)

Front 13

Religion:

Back 13

-early on belived in MANY gods and goddesses
- today mainly christianity

Front 14

Food:

Back 14

-before europeans came:
3 root crops: yams, sweet potatoes and caro
-3 tree crops: bananas, breadruit and coconut
- fish is main source of protein

today - canned meat, and boxed stuff is part of their diet too

Front 15

Traditional Societies:

Back 15

historically - used to be organized into clans ad tribes
- inherited statuses
-Micronesia was matrilineal - importance placed throug the mother

Front 16

POPULATION AND MIGRATION:

Back 16

OVERALL POPULATION IS LOW but some of the islands are very crowded
-papa new guinea - largest city
- very high birth rate (growing population)
- lots os travel andmove between the islands and to Australia andNew Zealand
- BUt it's ususally young working people that move away - which is not good for them

Front 17

missionaries –

Back 17

people whose goals are to srpead their religion to other areas
- Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries spread their relgioin to this area when they colonized it.

Front 18

phosphates

Back 18

- a mineral found and mined in the tiny island of Nauru which has given them lots of $ but has left the island in a total waste (an environmental hazard)
- used to make fertilizers

Front 19

trust territories –

Back 19

- areas placed under control of another country until they were ready for Independence
- at the end f WW2, the United Nations placed many of the Pacif Islands under trust territories with other countries.;

Front 20

What are the main physical features of the Pacific Islands, and what physical processes affect them?

Back 20

- have volcanoes which has soils very rich.
- have rain forest (only high islands)
- elevation
- but there are many earthquakes and tsunamis.
ALL SURROUNDED BY THE LARGEST NATURAL feature of EARTH- the Pacific Ocean

Front 21

How is the Pacific Islands region divided into sub regions?

Back 21

there are threee regiong
-melanisia
-micronesia
- polynesia

Front 22

What climate, biomes, and recources does the region have?

Back 22

-hot with high rainfall
-Highland climates
-distinct wet and dry seasons
-rainforest

Front 23

What are the the characteristics of high islands?

Back 23

mountanious, rocky, and volcanoes
- very fertile land b/c volcanic soil is fertile
- rainforests
-- more water

Front 24

What are the the characteristics of low islands?

Back 24

-form from coral
- small and flat
- formed from volcanic mountains that formed on the ocean floor
- usually ring shaped (atoll)

Front 25

atoll

Back 25

a ring shaped coral island or a ring of several islands liked by underwater coral reefs.

Front 26

Coarl reefs

Back 26

made up of millions of tiny little skeletons from dead animals.

Front 27

Mariana trench

Back 27

the deepest trench in the ocean.
- located next to GUAM
-1580 miles deep

Front 28

Melanesia

Back 28

-closest to australia
- have many mountains
- many volcanoes.

Front 29

Micronesia

Back 29

- has mixes of high and low islands

Front 30

Polynesia

Back 30

- largest of the three regions
- its is sshaped in a triangle.

Front 31

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Back 31

a zone where prevailing winds meet and creates calm winds and humid air.

Front 32

What are the economies of the pacific region like?

Back 32

- lots of trade through thw whole region - needed to spread the resources
-tourism, mining, and fishinng are big things.
- cash crops-coconuts, sugar cane, copra, pineapples, bananas, palm oil.

- POOR COUNTRY - bc not many natural resources so it has to import mostly evertyhing; not many exports

Front 33

copra

Back 33

dred coconut meat

Front 34

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Back 34

zones that stretch 200 miles from the coast of their island.
- for any business trade done within this zone, the government gets to claim some $ (like a tax). this helps pay for things in the islands
-. this is how they raise money fromthe foreign companies that come to fish there.

Front 35

migration and population today in the region

Back 35

-Small populations; much migration to Australia, NZ
-Few large cities
-Rapid urban growth late 1900’s
-High birth rates; low death rates

Front 36

The challenges

Back 36

- Shortage of skilled labor; young adults move to bigger cities
-Rapid population growth; high birth rates/low death rate
-Environment destruction; Global warming; nuclear testing, soil excursion, deforestation, over fishing, strip mining
-Political violence due to ethnic religions.

Front 37

What are some important events in the history of the region?

Back 37

-migration
-the europeans arriving at the pacific islands.
- World war II
- independence in the pacific region.

Front 38

What are the traditions and culture of the region like?

Back 38

-English ad French are the laguages mostly spoken.
-many people are different.
-eat sweet crops, taro and yams.
- Christianity is the main religion.

Front 39

migration patterns

Back 39

- over the years people have spread into their own island groups.
-over time people in polynesia and micronesia had their own features so they seperated.

Front 40

Who ame to explore the pacific island in the 1500's?

Back 40

the europeans.

Front 41

What happened after the europeans arrived at the pacific islands?

Back 41

united states, Germany, and Japan started coming also.

Front 42

Why did many islands start becoming battlefields and bases?

Back 42

because of World War II.

Front 43

Who was in World War II?

Back 43

Japan vs. United states
- the United States won.

Front 44

independence

Back 44

many islads in the Pacific region became idependent.

Front 45

pidgin laguages.

Back 45

simplified languges made for people who speak different laguages and try to learn a ew one.

Front 46

education

Back 46

- most people get education in the highschool level.
- only in polynesia and micronesia.
- schools not ready for melanisia.

Front 47

Religion

Back 47

Christianity is the main religio in the pacific region.

Front 48

Food

Back 48

-three major root crops are sweet potatoes, yams, and taros.
- three major tree crops are banaas, breadfruit, ad coconut.
- also lots of rice.

Front 49

Traditions

Back 49

there are may tribes with chiefs and ranks.

Front 50

matrilineal

Back 50

when a husband gets married with a wife and he becomes part of the wife clan instead of vise versa.

Front 51

What physical proceses have affected the Pacific Island region?

Back 51

Pacific Island Region is the site of ACTIVE tectoni processes.
-lots of volcanoes
-earthquakes are common
- have also shaped the ocean floor - trenches
- volcanic chains
- ocean ridges and trenches