Global Cities (Geog 182) Final

Front 1

Urban social movements mediate between on the one hand, the __ of __ that affect cities, and on the other, the __ that takes place __.

Back 1

Urban __ movements __ between on the one hand, the forces of globalization that affect cities, and on the other, the restructuring that takes place locally

Front 2

Both urban social movement formation and dissolution (act of breaking something down) and urban change in the globalization age are __, __ processes, always __ __ __.

Back 2

Both urban social __ __ and __ and urban __ in the globalization age are messy, chaotic processes, always in the making.

Front 3

Competition among cities for world city status, or more generally adaptation to the growing demands of globalization, are among the main reasons why __ __ form and why __ __ is so pervasive (spreading widely)

Back 3

__ among cities for world city status, or more generally adaptation to the growing demands of __, are among the main reasons why social movement form and why urban change is so pervasive.

Front 4

Environmental degradation often accompanies __ __ __.

Back 4

__ __ often accompanies global city formation.

Front 5

Urban social movement resisting globalization are found in the __ and __ world.

Back 5

Urban __ __ resisting globalization are found in both the industrialized and developing world.

Front 6

What is Mike Douglass' main contribution?

Back 6

__ __ main contribution is on Asian-Pacific Rim cities, world city formation, and social and environmental struggles.

Front 7

What are Douglass' three major themes discussed?

Back 7

__ three major themes discussed are:
-There is tension between a city's rise in the global urban hierarchy and the demands of its citizens for improvements in daily life
-Globalization profoundly affects local places but in different ways depending on the local context
-The poor are actively, though rarely successful, trying to take control of their living conditions

Front 8

Why does "Global-local interactions inevitably condemn the poor to life in the unsanitary margins of society" go against what Douglas argues?

Back 8

__ is hopeful that increasing democratization in the region will help poor people get their voices herd.

Front 9

What are Keil and Ronneberger's focus on?

Back 9

__ and __ wrote about the globalization of Frankfurt am Main

Front 10

In Keil and Ronneberger's article on Frankfurt am Main, they contribute a vivid, __-__ case study of the 'globalization' of a major European city.

Back 10

In __ and __ article on Frankfurt am Main, they contribute a vivid, street-level case study of the '__' of a major European city

Front 11

In Keil and Ronneberger's article, in demonstrates the complex dynamics between what things?

Back 11

In the Keil and Ronneberger's article it demonstrates the complex __ :
-between the urban core and the broader metropolitan periphery
-and among social and political groups that don't fit the traditional categorizations (rich-poor, urban-rural, conservative-liberal, urban-suburban, locals-immigrants, etc.)

Front 12

In the Globalization of Frankfurt am Main reading by Keil and Ronneberger, it indicates that the residents have certain mixed feelings:

Back 12

__ and __ indicated that the resident's of Frankfurt am Main have mixed feelings towards the rise of their city as a world city and have pride tinged with regret for what's lost.

Front 13

What are the main points to take from the Frankfurt am Main reading by Keil and Ronneberger?

Back 13

In the Frankfurt am Main reading by __ and __, the question of what is the role of local political processes in the shaping of world cities is a significant one. Local politics matter in the formation of world cities and that the sociospatial conflicts generated in the transnationalization process are regulated through an urban politics that frequently reaches beyond the municpal boundaries of the city core.

Front 14

The Globalization of Frankfurt am Main reading is one of several articles we read that deals with the core-periphery relations of world cities. Which of the following is NOT among them:
A. Soja on Amsterdam
B. Zukin on London
C. Sudjic on the '100-mile cities'
D. Soja on Los Angeles
E. Buechler on Sao Paolo

Back 14

Of the several articles we read that deals with the core-periphery relations of world cities both Zukin on London and Buechler on Sao Paolo are NOT among them, although Soja on Amsterdam, Sudjic on the '100-mile cities' and Soja on LA are.

Front 15

Frankfurt is in the __ European space, on a navigable tributary of the __ river, flourishing already in __ times, a major __ and __ city, and has the second largest __ in Europe.

Back 15

__ is in the West European space, on a navigable tributary of the Rhine river, flourishing already in medieval times, major industrial and commercial city, and has the second largest airport in Europe.

Front 16

Frankfurt has overcome urban restructuring due to WWII where much was destroyed. Now the city has a rising modern city center with advanced buildings. Which of Friedmann's theses does this study most directly illustrate?

Back 16

The urban restructuring change that has occurred in __ is most directly illustrated by Friedmann's first thesis:
-The form and extent of a city's integration with the world economy...will be decisive for any structural changes occurring within it.

Front 17

Which is FALSE of Frankfurt's periphery:
A. It has a socio-spatial structure at least as complex as that of the inner city
B. Its growth triggers growth in the urban core and vice versa
C. It concentrates the poor and recent immigrants who find jobs in the region's small industries
D. It is becoming the prime location for important sectors of the post-industrial economy
E. It is a polynucleated region with its own centers

Back 17

C. Frankfurt's poor and immigrants are not concentrated anywhere in particular

Front 18

Frankfurt's social movements were triggered by what?

Back 18

Frankfurt's __ movements were triggered by the expansion of the Frankfurt airport in the 1980s, the conversion of inner city apartments into office space, government repression against the inner-city's radical squatters, and the desire to exclude marginal segments of society.

Front 19

Like most cities that are not from the industrial age, Frankfurt does not have any __-__ __.

Back 19

Like most cities that are not from the __ __, Frankfurt does not have any inner-city slums.

Front 20

What is Frankfurt's most obvious sign of its world city ambitions?

Back 20

The __ Airport represents its most obvious sign of its world city ambitions. There was much resistance to the expansion in the 1980s
-coalitions of left-wing ideologues and local bourgeois groups
-most sever social disturbances since WWII
-the glory (rioting) days of the 1980's

Front 21

What are Sandercock's contributions from "Towards Cosmopolis: A Postmodern Agenda"?

Back 21

__ from "Towards Cosmopolis: a Postmodern Agenda" he contributes:
-a definition of Cosmopolis as a large city with the people from many different countries
-the fact that cultural diversity is generating socio-spatial restructuring in cities
-the emergence of numerous social movements related to 'identity politics'
-for migrants, the challenges of belonging to two different cultures- or to none

Front 22

Why does "the fact that most people from the dominant culture welcome multiculturalism as opportunity for change" go against what Sandercock's article "Towards Cosmopolis" contributes?

Back 22

__ talks about how multiculturalism feels threatened to urban residents from the locally dominant culture

Front 23

What are the two models of culture discussed in class?

Back 23

The two models of culture are:
-local 'way of life'
-a smorgasbord

Front 24

Describe the model of culture as local 'way of life'?

Back 24

Culture as __ '__ of __':
has an emphasis on local mores and customs
for example: local food, music, dance, dress, social roles, religious practices, oral history, social networks based on shared beliefs and practices
(This is becoming increasingly rare in world cities- but increasingly sought after by visitors)

Front 25

Describe the model of culture as a smorgasbord (cafeteria, supermarket)?

Back 25

The model of culture as a __ can be described as "pick-and-choose" from globally available elements
-multiple identities, loyalties, lifestyles, social roles, fluid values changing with cultural offerings (ex. modesty and fashion)
-larger number of looser social networks
-culture as a commodity to be bought and sold

Front 26

What is meant by rootlessness that culture as a smorgasbord can bring about?

Back 26

culture as a smorgasbord can bring about __ with:
-separation of identity and place where the element of local culture can be found 'anywhere' and where places look increasingly similar.
-but people will still identify with the local where/when it matters in cases of conflict, hardship or pride

Front 27

There are no simple effects of global culture which include:

Back 27

There are no simple effect of __ culture which include:
-correlations between:
wealth, education, original way of life, place of residence, and personal cultural choices
-reactions to globalizing culture
surge of nationalism, emphasis on local different "glocalization"
-UNESCO: The Creative Cities Network

Front 28

World cities are centers of both cultural __ and __ and a good example would be __ __.

Back 28

World cities are centers of both __ production and consumption, a good example being street theater.

Front 29

The cultural __ of world cities is a major determinant of their cultural role.

Back 29

The culture diversity of world cities is a major determinant of their cultural __.

Front 30

the critical forms of diversity are contributed by just four kinds of people (four categories of 'culture makers':

Back 30

The four categories of '__ __' or the critical forms of diversity are contributed by these four kinds of people:
1. Transnational business people
2. Immigrants from other cultures
3. Tourists
4. Locals actively engaged in arts and culture
(there are major interactions among the four groups)

Front 31

Hannerz from "The cultural Role of World Cities" believes that a world city cannot exist without...

Back 31

__ believes that a world city cannot exist without a distinctive kind of culture.

Front 32

What are the two forms or stages of cultural production?

Back 32

The two forms or stages of __ __ are:
-'Form-of-life': where culture flows among diverse people as they mingle together (songs, food, clothing, crafts)
-and 'Market' forms: where cultural product are packages, sold and bought as commodities (theater production, recorded music, ethnic food)
(Form-of-life cultural productions eventually end up as 'market' forms

Front 33

Which is the best example of a form of life cultural production that eventually became a 'market' good?
A. A traditional guitar giving rise to the acoustic guitar
B. Mother's secret cookie recipe being passed on to her children who then start the 'Mother's Cookies' company
C. The 1st International Street Theater FEstival becoming available to view on U-Tube
D. An enterprising Greek marketing DVDs to teach people the Syrtaki dance
E. A mariachi group for hire to play at weddings and funerals

Back 33

An example of a form of life cultural production that eventually became a '__' good is B. Mother's secret cookie recipe being passed on to her children, who then start the 'Mother's Cookies' company. But D can also be an answer: An enterprising Greek marketing DVDs to teach people the Syrtaki dance

Front 34

What is Perera's contribution from "Exploring Colombo: The Relevance of a Knowledge of New York"?

Back 34

__ argues that " the conception of cities (as opposed to the countryside) as places where [cultural] identities are formed is specifically a western one"

Front 35

The core of Perera's argument that of the conception of cities (as opposed to the countryside) as places where [cultural] identities are formed is specifically a western one is based on what fact?

Back 35

__ core argument is based on the fact that the urban culture of Colombo is made up of the cultural identities of several different groups that came from the countryside and mainstream strong ties with their home villages. It is different than that of NY and other western cities.

Front 36

What are among the causes that Perera gives for the urban culture of Colombo being made up of the cultural identities of several different groups that came form the countryside that maintain strong ties with their home villages?

Back 36

Among the causes that Perara gives for the urban culture of Colombo being made up of the cultural identities of several different groups that came from the __ and maintain strong ties with their __ __ are:
-While NY and Colombo had somewhat similar colonial beginnings, NY was favored by a much better geopolitical position.
-The indigenous pop. around NY was exterminated whereas the Sri Lanka continues to thrive
-and Colombo's immigrant come from nearby rural areas to which they can easily return whereas NY immigrants come from far-away lands

Front 37

What is a consequence of the urban culture of colombo being made up of the cultural identities of several different groups that came from the countryside and maintain strong ties with their home villages?

Back 37

A consequence of of Colombo's cultural identities from __'s reading is that Colombo's ethnic groups and social classes are spatially segregated, whereas in NY there is much more cultural mix.

Front 38

The different cultural roles of Colombo and NY as noted by Perera are mostly explained by the general fact that:

Back 38

The different cultural roles of Colombo and NY as noted by __ are mostly explained by the general fact that:
-Urbanization in most developing countries is a recent phenomenon.
(In most cases there hasn't been enough time for true urban cultures to evolve in the mega-cities of the developing world.

Front 39

The meaning of culture is changing rapidly in the globalizing world, becoming more of a pick-and-choose affair rather than...

Back 39

The meaning of __ is changing rapidly in the globalizing world, becoming more of a pick-and-choose affair rather than a way of life.

Front 40

In modern societies, traditional elements of culture are often turned into what?

Back 40

In modern societies what is turned into marketable consumer goods?

Front 41

There are strong indications that cities in the __ world don't play the same key role in cultural change as cities in the __ wold.

Back 41

There are strong indications that cities in the developing world don't play the same key role in __ __ as cities in the western world.

Front 42

The cultural diversity of world cities is a major determinant of their __ __.

Back 42

The __ __ of world cities is a major determinant of their cultural role.

Front 43

What is Kraetke's contribution?

Back 43

__ main contribution is that world cities are also defined on the basis of their cultural industries.

Front 44

Who said that culture is produced, packaged, sold and bought which involves corporations very similar to those heading traditional industries that have enormous economic significance?

Back 44

Kraetke said that culture is __, __, __ and __ that involves corporations very similar to those heading traditional industries that have enormous __ significance?

Front 45

Cultural industries are concentrated in fewer cities than __ firms, they form distinct __ within cities, they help define another kind of __ __, and they're after __ more than cheap labor.

Back 45

Cultural __ are __ in fewer cities than traditional firms, they form __ clusters within cities, they help __ another kind of world city, they're after talent more than __ __.

Front 46

Global production of culture is largely concentrated in relatively small number of '__ __ __' in __ within these large cities (local agglomerations) and are formed by __ groups.

Back 46

__ __ of __ is largely concentrated in a relatively small number of 'global media cities' concentrated in clusters within these large cities (local agglomerations) and formed by multinational groups.

Front 47

Consumption of global culture happen in the __ __ of the globe and helps spread __ __ messages, images and lifestyles.

Back 47

Consumption of global culture happen in the furthest corners of the globe and helps spread mostly urban __, __, and __.

Front 48

The global demand for products of __ __ (original or re-branded is growing

Back 48

The __ demand for products of western culture (original or re-branded) is growing.

Front 49

A handful of __-__ dominate the global market, promoting their own cultural and ideological choices.

Back 49

A handful of mega-firms dominate the global market, promoting their own __ and __ choices.

Front 50

There are massive flows of __ __ among leading world cities and regions for example many popular movies and TV programs in the US are actually European imports -- and vice versa.

Back 50

There are __ __ of cultural products among leading world cities and regions such as many popular movies and TV programs in the US are actually European imports -- and vice-versa.

Front 51

__, __, __ , and __ barriers are slowing down the diffusion of global cultural products.

Back 51

Cultural, religious, linguistic, and political barriers are slowing down the __ of global __ products.

Front 52

What are examples of the global cultural industries?

Back 52

Examples of global __ __ would include:
-Movies, DVDs, TV productions, Radio productions, Record labels, Print media, Video games, on-line entertainment as well as Ethnic packaged foods and Tourist Souvenirs

Front 53

What are examples of local cultural industries?

Back 53

What are some examples of __ cultural __?
-Museums, Zoos, aquariums, Opera companies and symphonies, major sports events, tourism, and international movie production infrastructure

Front 54

There is a clear __ of the local with the global cultural industries.

Back 54

There is a clear synergy of the __ and __ cultural industries.

Front 55

There has been extensive interpenetration of cultural and traditional industries in __ and in __.

Back 55

There has been extensive interpenetration of __ and __ industries in product (ipads, nike shoes, branding- what is material need- what is culture) and in place (culture both high and low is needed for economic centers to flourish)

Front 56

There is __ (similar industries) and __ (up the product chain within the same sector) of integration of cultural firms

Back 56

There is horizontal (similar industries) and vertical (up the product chain) of cultural firms

Front 57

__ of __ in advertising, marketing for cultural industry conglomerates. The size is greater than the need for __ expansion.

Back 57

Economies of scale (the cost benefits of an enterprise from expanding) in advertising, marketing of __ __ conglomerates. The size is greater than the need for geographical expansion.

Front 58

What are some similarities between cultural and traditional industries?

Back 58

Some similarities between __ and __ industries include:
- huge company sizes
-offices around the globe
- mergers and acquisitions (something or someone gained) such as ridiculous CEO salaries
-producer services for cultural industries are big money
-locational criteria for headquarters very similar to those of other industries

Front 59

What are some differences between cultural and traditional industries?

Back 59

Some differences between __ and __ industries include:
-More joint ventures (short term partnership for mutual benefit) than other industries such as for unique products, assets are people 'stars' and other talent rather than low wages and loose regulation, and marked spatial clustering
-less competition and more uniformity such as formula-driven productions (for example recently growing public interest in 'indies')

Front 60

Global cultural industries can be placed in a hierarchical system where based on Abrahamson, the top scoring cities based on music, movies and TV are:

Back 60

__ __ industries can be placed in a hierarchical system where based on Abrahamson, the top scoring cities based on music, movies and TV are:
-New York (30)
-London, LA, Paris, Sydney, Tokyo (18-21)
-Toronto (12)

Front 61

One of Kratke's issues summarized is the global/world cities literature emphasized traditional __ considerations and that culture as a research theme is __.

Back 61

One of __'s issues summarized is that the global/world literature emphasizes traditional economic considerations and culture as a research theme is underappreciated.

Front 62

One of Kratke's issues summarized say that the production of cultural goods globally also has tremendous __ __ in addition to disseminating (disperse widely) cultural values and ideas from the centers of cultural production

Back 62

One of __'s issues summarized says that the production of cultural goods globally also has tremendous economic implications in addition to disseminating cultural values and ideas from the centers of cultural production

Front 63

One of Kratke's issues summarized says that world cities are at the center of the __, the __ and the __ of culture through concentrations of cultural industries but it's a slightly different set of world cities than for __ firms.

Back 63

One of Kratke's issues summarized says that __ __ are at the center of the production, the consumption, and the spread of culture through __ of cultural industries but its a slightly different set of __ __ than for traditional __.

Front 64

Why is the highest concentration of 'media cities' in Europe, rather than N. America, according to Kratke?
A. There is greater cultural diversity among European cities
B. Europe has a much longer historical tradition of high culture
C. European urban populations are wealthier and more cultivated
D. European urban areas are more suitable for cultural activities
E. European government have actively sought to attract cultural industries

Back 64

Read Kratke

Front 65

What is Ute Lehrer contribution in "Willing the Global City"?

Back 65

__ contribution in "willing the Global City" is Berlin's post-1989 strategy to regain its status as a top cultural capital of Europe

Front 66

In Lehrer's reading what is Berlin's post-1989 strategy to regain its status as a top cultural capital of Europe?

Back 66

Berlin's post-1989 strategy to regain its __ as a top __ __ of Europe:
-using the urban reconstruction process itself as a major cultural spectacle and 'happening' (example Potsdamer Platz- an important public square and traffic intersection in the center of Berlin)

Front 67

Who said the "Globalization is a process that generates contradictory spaces, characterized by contestatiion, internal differentiation, continuous border crossings. The global city is emblematic of this condition"?

Back 67

Sassen said that "Globalization is a process that generates __ spaces, characterized by contestation, internal __, continuous border crossings. The global city is emblematic of this condition".

Front 68

What are the two major contradictory forces in the global city that Sassen talks about in reading number 43?

Back 68

In reading number 43 Sassen talks about two major __ forces in the global city which are global corporate power and the disadvantaged.

Front 69

__ __ power and the __ are the main points of Sassen's short article (#43), in view of the growing importance of __ politics and the emergence of __ movements marginalized populations.

Back 69

Global corporate power and the disadvantages are the main points of Sassen's short article (#43), in view of the growing importance of identity __ and the emergence of international movements marginalized __.

Front 70

What is Peter Marcuse's simple, clear definition of globalization?

Back 70

"Globalization, in its really existing form, is the further strengthening and internationalization of capital using substantial advances in communications and transportation technology" is a quote and definition of globalization from who?

Front 71

Peter Marcuse defines what a global city is, but states that "one could image a different form of globalization where the same advances in technology can be used for what 4 things?

Back 71

__ __ defines what a global city is but states that "one could image a different form of globalization where the same advances in __ can be used for:
-improve the standards of living for all
-promote world-wide democracy
-reduce inequality of opportunity
-restore ecological balance

Front 72

According to Marcuse, today's cities of the economically advanced West are not 'dual' but 'more like quartered'. That means that the cities are...

Back 72

According to Marcuse, today's cities of the economically advanced West are not '__' but more like '__' that means that the cities are segregated, divided and partitioned (whether it is residential or economic/commercial)

Front 73

Peter Marcuse said what we consider to be 'global city' urban patterns are really found in most large cities of the world for example office skyscrapers at the center. However, __ is NOT the main explanation for these similarities and that many of these patterns have been __ __ for __ __.

Back 73

__ __ said what we consider to be '__ __' urban patterns are really found in most large cities of the world for example office skyscrapers at the center. However, globalization is NOT the main explanation for these similarities and that many of these __ have been with us for several centuries.

Front 74

Peter Marcuse asked what accounts for the many similarities of large cities around the world and said it actually (probably) is __. What evidence does he give for supporting this claim?

Back 74

__ __ asked what accounts for the many similarities of large cities around the world and is actually (probably) capitalism.
-The capitalist city is, and has for centuries, always the result of changes in technology and social relations and that the 'globalizing city' is only the latest form of these changes, perhaps more extreme and more widespread before.

Front 75

Sassen recognizes the rise of the __ classes as a new __ in the world city.

Back 75

__ recognizes the rise of the disadvantaged __ as a new force in the world city.

Front 76

Marcuse questions much of the work in global cities research by claiming that it is __ and not directly __ that best accounts for the similarities in structure among global and globalizing cities.

Back 76

__ questions much of the work in global cities research by claiming that it is capitalism and not directly globalization that best accounts for the similarities in __ among global and globalizing cities.

Front 77

What are the similarities in structure among global and globalizing cities accounted to in Marcuse's view and what are they?

Back 77

The similarities in __ among global and globalizing cities in Marcuse's view is accounted to capitalism and not directly globalization and some examples are:
-internal fragmentation of residential and economic areas into very dissimilar pieces
-many different kinds of built environments
-many new process of growth and decline
(but Marcuse said nothing about culture)

Front 78

One of Lefebvre's main contributions to the themes we examined in this course was that:
A. He inspired the urban under-privileged to revolt against those who oppressed them
B. He was one of the first to develop the notion of global network of cities
C. He showed that urban areas grow rich at the expense of rural areas
D. He recognized the importance and inevitability of world-wide urbanization long before most others
E. He coined the terms of 'global North' and 'global South' which are still used in urban classification

Back 78

One of __'s main contributions to the themes we examined in this course was that he recognized the importance and inevitability of world-wide urbanization long before most others.

Front 79

Back in the 1960s, long before the areas of studies we call Global Cities was born, Lefebvre recognized what two important things?

Back 79

__ recognized back in the 1960s that:
-We are entering an era of worldwide urbanization that is historically as important as the agrarian and industrial phases (There is no rural alternative to the process of worldwide expansion of "urban society"
-and that this new era is unique in human history because it marks the transition from an agrarian to a fully urban society (others call this the 'post-industrial' transition but this term doesn't describe what the new age is really about

Front 80

What is Lefebrve's main contributions?

Back 80

__'s main contribution's are:
-urbanization is not limited to the densely build-up areas of cities but encompasses vast areas around them that serve urban needs (this anticipated the '100-mile city' and the notion of city regions)
-This phenomenon is so profound and general that no single discipline can capture it in all its dimensions (ex. all of social science and much of natural science will someday have to deal with urbanization)

Front 81

What is Doxiadis's Ecumenopolis?

Back 81

__ __ is a map of "The city of the future, covering most of the habitable surface of the earth as a continuous system, forming an universal settlement, the limits determined by climatic constraints and the extent of fairly flat land"

Front 82

One of Scott's key contributions is a view of the urbanized world as a __ or large-city regions.

Back 82

One of __'s key contributions is a view of the urbanized world as a mosaic of large-city regions.

Front 83

One of Scott's key contributions is a third view of the 21st-century global city, next to the city as '__ and __' center and the city as a __ in a global network of __.

Back 83

One of __'s key contributions is a third view of the 21st-century global city, next to the city as 'command-and-control' center and the city as a node in the __ __ of interactions.

Front 84

Scott also said that the increased significance of __ __ fosters the growth of extended __-__.

Back 84

__ also said that the increased significance of geographic proximity fosters the growth of extended city-regions.

Front 85

According to Scott, why does geographic proximity play a role in fostering the growth of extended city-regions?

Back 85

According to __, geographic proximity plays a role in fostering the growth of extended city-regions because:
-Globalization enhances the possibility for geographic differentiation and locational specialization
(although a bit of a paradox, it is true because high locational specialization is the response to today's world-wide playing field of competition)

Front 86

Scott also identified various changing political and economic relationships in "Globalization and the Rise of City-regions" which include: 4 things

Back 86

__ also identified various changing political and economic relationships:
-Long-distance, cross-border relationships (including new international financial arrangements)
-Proliferation of multinational economic alliances (EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, ASEAN...)
-Sovereign states are pressured from above (multinational blocs) and from below (regions)
-Emergence of region-based forms of economic and political organization (the city-region)

Front 87

One of Scott's contributions was his thoughts on the mode of governance of global city-regions and the aim of most efforts which he accounted to enhancing the region's __ __ in the global economic order

Back 87

One of __'s contributions was his thoughts on the __ of __ of global city-regions and the aim of most efforts which he accounted to enhancing the region's competitive advantage in the global __ __.

Front 88

Scott said that global city-region's mode of governance aims to enhance the region's competitive advantage in the global economic order resulting in what 4 things?

Back 88

__ said that global __-__'s mode of __ aims to enhance the region's __ __ in the global economic order resulting in:
-competitive bidding wars for economic assets
-raiding one another for assets
-development races
-exclusive regional alliances

Front 89

What does Scott define as problems of merging different metropolitan areas of global city-regions?

Back 89

__ defines problems of merging different city regions such as:
-central governments diminishing capacity to deal with all the nuances policy needs of individual regions contained in their borders
-That could lead to city regions to active institution-building, policy making, and outreach in an effort to turn globalization as far as possible to their advantage but are then faces with new and unfamiliar tasks of political coordination and representation
-act as poles of attraction for low-wage migrants from around the world leading to being confronted by pressing issues related to political participation and the reconstruction of local political identity and citizenship.

Front 90

Allen Scott argues that __-__ are becoming more and more important global __, competing with states of power.

Back 90

__ __ argues that city-regions are becoming more and more important global players, competing with __ for power.

Front 91

Scott also identifies two different possible political/ideological orientations for city-regions which are:

Back 91

Scott identifies two different possible __/__ orientations for city-regions which are:
-The (currently dominant) neo-liberal view of minimum government interference and maximum market freedom
-and the social democracy or social market approach

Front 92

According to Scott, the social democracy or social market approach ( a type of possible political/ideological orientation for city-regions) is what?

Back 92

According to __, the social __ or social __ approach (a type of possible political/ideological orientation for city regions) is:
-work with the market as long as it is consistent with social fairness
-intervene selectively where it is not
-grant political rights to those who actively contribute to the improvement of the region

Front 93

Scott describes a new perspective on world city formation whereby it is not the __ __ area, but the wider __-__ that is the main player at the global scale.

Back 93

__ describes a new perspective on __ __ __ whereby it is not the isolated metropolitan areas, but the wider city-region that is the main player at the __ scale.

Front 94

What is the model presented by Scott?

Back 94

The model presented by __ is that of a mosaic of large city-regions in different parts of the globe that give rise to new problems and hopes for the future. This is a brand-new model of urban organization in the global age.

Front 95

What are the three different ways of approaching the study of global cities and who are the important people of each?

Back 95

The three different ways of approaching the study of global cities and important people are:
-As 'containers' of key characteristics (perspective leading to urban hierarchies) Sassen is the leading name here
-As nodes in the global network of interactions. GaWC group is the main name here
-As a mosaic of world city-regions (most recent and original view) Scott is the one who first proposed it

Front 96

What do all three different ways of approaching the study of global cities recognize and accept? (global cities as 'containers' of key characteristics, global cities as nodes in a global network of interactions, and global cities as a mosaic of world city-regions)

Back 96

What are the three different ways of approach the study of global cities that all recognize and accept that both the cities themselves and the networks are important, but have different emphasis on either the cities, the network interactions, or on the urbanized urban peripheries of cities?

Front 97

The first major thread is Friedmann and his '__ __'

Back 97

The first major __ is about __ and his 'research agenda'.

Front 98

What are the major threads of urban structure of global cities?

Back 98

The major __ of urban structure of global cities are:
-the core and periphery
-landscapes of power and vernacular
-the 100-mile city
-the dual city, the fragmented city

Front 99

What are the major threads of the political nature of global cities research?

Back 99

The major threads of the political nature of global cities research are:
-diversity as strength and as problem
-polarization and empowerment
-social movements
-neo-liberalism vs. social democracy
-role of capital

Front 100

What can be said of the theme of growing importance of world culture?

Back 100

The theme of world culture has growing importance because it is:
-created and nurtured mostly in cities
-propagated mainly through world cities
-affected by population diversity
-yet spreading western cultural ideals
-'packaged' and sold by transnational firms
-greatly contributing to urban economies

Front 101

What is the most significant contribution of tourists to the urban culture of a world city?

Back 101

The most significant contribution of tourists to the urban __ of a world city is their appreciation of traditional local culture helps keep it alive.

Front 102

Mention two major reasons why culture is now part of the study of global/world cities

Back 102

Two major reasons why __ is now part of the study of global/world cities:
-big money involved
-....

Front 103

Another theme of growing importance is the world city or city-region competing for power with the state. What goes along with this?

Back 103

-regionalist autonomy movements
-city-region alliances
-conference of mayors: tackling global problems