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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Failure to pay debt (to a foriegn country)
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OAS
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Organization of American States. A group of nations in the Americas that worked together on common issues
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Porfirio Diaz
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(1830-1915) Ruled harshly, but brought ORDER and STABILITY to Mexico.
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What was Diaz's rule called
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La Porfiriato
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Economic part of Diaz's rule
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Foreign investment was encouraged and capital flowed to the nation's mines, plantations, and railroads
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Why was Diaz resented?
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He allowed his supporters and foreign investors to take over peasant lands
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How much of the population held how much of the land in Mexico in 1910?
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85% of land held by 1% of population
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How was Mexico's agriculture?
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Cotton was grown instead of food, so there was a decrease in the food supply
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Who challenged Diaz in the free election in 1910 and what happened to him?
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Francisco Madero, but he was jailed by Diaz.
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What happened after Madero escaped jail?
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He became the president of Mexico, but he could not keep the support of the peasants or landowners and civil war swept Mexico
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Who assassinated Madero?
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General Huerta
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Who led the peasants (peones) in the guerilla war against the gov't troops?
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Emiliano Zapata and Francisco "Poncho" Villa
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Where were Emiliano Zapata and "Poncho" Villa from?
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Zapata was from Morelos, and Villa was from Chihuahua
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Who led the gov't troops against Zapata and Villa?
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General Huerta
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What were the reforms of the Mexican Constitution of 1917?
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1) combined nationalism and social reform 2) gave Mexican gov't power to distribute land to peasants and regulate oil exportation 3) workers could join unions 4) 8 hr workday 5) free education 6) limits on political power 7) limited wealth of catholic church
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Lazaro Cardenas
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encouraged Mexicans to start their own businesses, gave land to peones, NATIONALIZED oil companies, built schools, factories, highways & railroads
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"Social realism"
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Artists painted murals of MEXICAN INDIAN heritage, dramatic events in Mexican history, and peasant life
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Diego Rivera
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one of the three foremost pioneers in social realism. Wanted revolutionary change. Worked with murals.
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Jose Lopez Portillo
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president in 70's. The nation faced inflation, unemployment, food shortages, and unfavorable balance of trade
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PRI
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(Institutional Revolutionary Party) Mexico's major party
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Mexican Oil Boom
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(1970's) Mexico exported lots of oil, brought in money. Corruption in gov't cost the gov't millions. Agriculture was neglected
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Brazil's chief export
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Coffee
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Getulio Vargas
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"father of the Poor" During the 1930's GLOBAL DEPRESSION, prices dropped and unemployment rose (EL CAUDILLO)
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How was Brazil ruled from 1945 to 1985?
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Brazil was ruled by the army and military leaders until they gave up their power and an election took place
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Juan Domingo Peron (year he became president)
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(1946) Set up an authoritarian gov't and worked to make Argentina's economy more self sufficient
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When and why was Peron ousted from his gov't?
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In 1955 he was ousted because the economy was weak and he couldn't gain support and Evita died
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When and why was Peron reelected?
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In 1973 he was reelected because the gov't was corrupt and the Argentinian people were nostalgic
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Evita Duarte Peron
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Was a radio & movie star who gained voting rights for women and was popular among the workers & poor (d. 1952)
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Isabel Peron
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Juan Peron's 3rd wife.
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What is it called when there is both unemployment and inflation?
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Stagflation
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"Los Desaparecidos"
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"the Disappeared Ones". Tens of thousands of students killed by gov't sponsored death squads
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Who ruled Argentina in the late 70s and early 80s?
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A junta
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Falkland Islands War (date)
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(April 2 1982) the Argentinian gov't invaded the Falklands, but British PM Margaret Thatcher sent troops to take over the island and Argentina surrendered
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Why did Argentina participate in the Falkland Islands War?
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They wanted to "distract the public and unite the country"
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Carlos Menem
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Took office in 1989. Faced inflation, but increased confidence in civilian gov't. "truth and reconciliation" hearings were bad because the juntas were not punished.
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What did the Argentinians call the Falklands?
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los Malvinas
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What were the Falklands famous for?
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Their whaling
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General Augusto Pinochet
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Pledged to wipe out Communism in Chile. (Facist) 1) suspended legislature 2) ordered severe censorship 3) violence against opponents 4) agreed to step down after a vote
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Salvador Allende
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Marxist. Inflation, nationalized businesses, land reform, higher wages in Chile.
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How was Cuba ruled after the Spanish-American war?
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Cuba was formally independent, but the US kept naval bases there and maintained peace. (colony)
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What was produced in Cuba?
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sugar
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Fulgencio Batista
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Former army sergeant who took control of Cuba and ran a harsh dictatorship
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Fidel Castro (nickname)
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"maximum leader" led rebel forced against Batista. Nationalized foreign holdings, campaign against illiteracy, rooted out racial discrimination. Allied with Soviets and set up one-party Marxist state. Executed and imprisoned his opponents.
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Two major events between US and Cuba(dates)
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Bay of Pigs (1961) and Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
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Economic nationalism
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Effort to bring about economic independece through local control and industrialization (opposite of neocolonialism)
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