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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most of the philosophes believed that for change to happen in Europe,
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Royal and Catholic authority most cahnge
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Maria Theresa
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Enlightened Despot in Austria; also fell short of many goals to improve everyday life.
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Each of the following were key changes Napoleon made in France except:
~religous tolerance ~the establishment of a national bank. ~the election of Maximilien Robespierre for sainthood. |
the election of Maximilien Robespierre for sainthood.
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Limited Monarcy
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System of government in which the king's powers are not absolute but specifically guided by a constitution or leglislative body; the monarch's power is reduced.
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Maximilen Robespierre
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Leader of the Jacobins who led France during the Reign of Terror; assumed power through use of terrorism
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Thomas Hobbes
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Believed that all men are by mature evul and selfish; the best type of government to deal with this problem is an absolute monarchy.
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Guillotine
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A machine that dropped a huge blade to chop off the head of a criminal
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National Assembly
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New law making body created by the Third Estate in September 1789 (eventually becomes Legislative Assembly, then Natipnal Convention)
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Revolutionaries
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Members of the Third Estate creating changes during the French revolution
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Denis Diderot
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Created the encyclopedia, a volume of books highlightingenlightened thinkingduring the 18th century.
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Terrorism
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The systematic use of fear and violence as a way to achieve political and social goals
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Sans-culottes
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Angry lower class workers in France; part of Third Estate; also known as Parisian mob.
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Reign of Terror
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Period during the French Revolution that marked the use of fear and violence to control people suspected of teason
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Louis XVI
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King of France last of the Bourbon excuted during the French Revolution in 1792
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Another name for a governing concil, particularly in Latin America, is
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Junta
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Catherine the Great
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Enlightened despot in Russia; greatest regret was not having done enough for Russian peasants.
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The idea that free market activity should be left alone by government is an example of what economic theory?
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Laissez-faire
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Third Estate
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Majority of French population 98%- included peasants, bourgeosie, and lower-class workers in Paris (sans- culottes, or mob)
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The largest peasant rebellion in Russian history, which limited Catherine the Great's ability to improve the lives of the peasantry. What was the name of this event?
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Pugachev Rebellion
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Philosophes
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A group of French thinkers during the enlightenment; philosophers using reason to explain issues regarding the human condition.
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Which body of government was not called for over 150 years before the French Revolution?
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Estates General
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First Estate
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Members of the clergy- approximately 1% of the population.
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Old Regime
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The old form of government (France = absolute monarchy)
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Baron de Montesquieu
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Supported the separation of powers in government to prevent the abuse of power.
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Tories
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Political party in England supportive of the king's rule.
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Frederick the Great
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Enlightened despot in Prussia; did little to improve the lives of most in Prussia.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Believed that a social contract, or agreement, exists between government and the people it protects, and the government only exists by the will of the people.
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Parliment
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Representative body of government in England
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Radicals
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People who favored quick and major changes to society - Jacobins
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First Continetal Congress
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Announcements to England that the colonies were in dfependent and free of British rule; ideas behind Declaration are directlt linked to the ideas of the french philosophes.
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Pragmatism
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The attempt to try to please opposing parties in an effort to maintain peace.
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Tenis Couirt Oath
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Promise by the Third Estate to create a Constitution and form a new government (June 1789)
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"No taxation without representation"
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Main complaint of American colonists in 1775 to developea list of complaints for King Georg III; George ignores complaints about taxes and representation, leading to Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War
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John Locke
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Believed that government was formed to protect three basic human rights; life, liberty and property
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Whigs
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Political party in England in favor of establishing Parliment as most powerful
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Estates General
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Lawmaking body in france before the French Revolution
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Second Estate
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French Nobilty- approximately1% of population- no responsibilty to pay taxes
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Bastille
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A fortress jail in France, whose fall on July 14, 1789, marked the beginning of the French Revolution
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Bourgeoisie
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Educated town people familiar with the philosophes' ideas
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Treaty Of Paris
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Settlement of Revolutionary War (1783)
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Joseph II
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Enlightened despot in Austria;son of Maria Theresa; most successful of enlightened despots in bringing reform to peasantry.
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Enlightened Despot
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An absolute ruler who uses their power for the good of their subjects.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Statement by the third Estate aboute the ideals of the french revolution; established human rights and freedoms as central concern of government (August 1789)
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Marie Antoinette
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wife of Louis XVI; Queen of France
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Constitutional Monarchy
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System of government in which king's or queen's powers are limited or defined by the legislature; the monarch's power is reduced.
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Moderates
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People who wished to keep change slow and work with the king - Girondins
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