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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is force?
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An agent that changes the state of rest or motion. Force is an agent that is causing the change
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What is the formula for the force required to produce an acceleration (a) in a mass (m)?
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F=ma
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How is force measured in SI?
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Newtons (N)
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What is a Newton?
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A force that gives a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1m/s2 (get a better definition on wiki)
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Where can force be applied? What to?
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Where can force be applied? What to?
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What is the formula for pressure?
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P=F/S (pressure = force/surface area)
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In SI, what is the unit for pressure?
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Pascal but kilopascals is probably better
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How does 1 Pascal relate to newtons?
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1 Pascal is the pressure of 1 newton over an area of 1 sq meter (confirm on wiki)
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Draw out the formula for pascals r/t newtons:
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1PA=1Newton/m2, or, IN/M2
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What is a bar?
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1 bar = 100,000 pascals. Pascals are very small. They are like pennies in currancy
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How many kilopascals (kPa) does 1 bar=?
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100 Kilopascals
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How many atmospheres does 1 bar=?
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Approximately 1 (we say 1)
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G to kilograms, move decimal
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3 to left
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Do people in lab or clinical measure things with bars or kilopascals?
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No
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How many kilopascals is in 5 bars
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500kPa
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What are the 3 fundamental dimensions that provide you everything for physics?
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Length (l), mass (m) and time (t)
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What are the SI units for l, m, t?
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Meter, kg, seconds (m, kg, s)
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What are the CGS units for length, mass and time?
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cm, g, s (seconds)
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There are other parameters in physics. What are they derived from?
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Length, mass and time (ex: surface tension)
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How common is CGS?
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Obsolete, but sometimes used
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What is force?
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An agent that changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion. It is a vector
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In physics of newton, where and to what end is force applied?
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To a specif point and in a certain direction
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For physics I, the kind of physics we discussed is related to
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Anesthesia, the practice and anestesiology
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How will the action progress?
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Intro, general gas laws, then to physics II and the phenomenon of the solubility of gasses as well as the issues related to the movement of liquids and gasses
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What is one atmosphere?
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How much pressure is being exerted by the force of all the oxygen, nitrogen etc
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What is 1 atm in mmHg?
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760mmHg
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What is 1 atm in torr?
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760torr
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What does mmHg=in torr?
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1mmHg=1torr
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How many atm does 1 bar=?
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1bar=0.978atm (pretty much equal)
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How many mmHg does 1 bar=?
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750mmHg=1bar
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How many kPa does 1 bar=?
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1bar=100kPa
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1 atm is about (in bars)
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1bar
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How many Pa does 1 atm=?
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101315
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Why did people introduce kilopascals?
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Because pascals are so small
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In regard to dimensions, how many does our mind accept? Ex?
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3. Ex: you can imagine a chair. You can't imagine the 4th dimension
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Can you see the 4th dimension?
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No. You can draw it, it would be very complicated
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Where does the mind fit with the world and everything?
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Our 3D mind creates the world we live in. A lot of our world is artificial. Ex: religion, philosophy, art. The mind is restricted, nevertheless, we create all these things (multi-dimensions)
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Examples of things that we don't know what they are:
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Time, life
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What is density of mercury?
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13.6g/cm3
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What is density of water?
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1g/cm3
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How much more dense is mercury than H2O?
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13.6 times more dense, 13.6 times heavier
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What does 1mmHg=in cmH2O?
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1.36cmH2O
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What does 760mmHg=in cmH2O? (calculate)
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1040cmH2O
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Why do people use cmH2O?
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You can see change from 6-7 cmH2O more easily
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When you are converting g to kg (making the value SI) what would 136g be in kg?
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1.36 x 10 to the 3rd
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What is density of mercury?
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13.6g/cm3 - 13.6 times heavier than water
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What is density of water?
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1g/cm3
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What does 760 mmHG=in mH2O?
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10.4mH2O
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What does 760 mmHG=in cmH2O?
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1040cmH2O
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What does 1mmHg=in cmH2O?
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1.36cmH2O
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How does 1 pascal=in newtons?
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1 newton/m2, very small
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Would we use SI in biology or physiology?
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It would be cumbersome
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Why were bar and kilopascal invented?
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Because 1 bar is close to 1 atm
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Why do we measure some stuff in cmH2O instead of mmHg?
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Because in cmH2O it is easier to see a change from, say, 6cm-7cmH2O
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Is temperature derived from L, M, T?
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Yes. Find out how this works
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Explain how columns of mercury and air are equilibrated?
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.76 column of mercury = 150,000yds of air. Or, 760mmHg=150,000yds of air
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What does 1mmHg=in torr?
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1 torr
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How will pressure of CSF be expressed?
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In mmHg
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Why do we measure resp. pressure in cmH2O?
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If we measured it in mmHg you would not see the change in pressures. They needed to extend the scale
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What is the symbol for "density?"
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p (kind of script) or "Rho"
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What is the symbol for acceleration?
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g
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What is the formula to calculate the pressure exerted by something (water or mercury)?
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P=phg (or P=pgh) h=height of column
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Set up the problem: calculate the pressure exerted by a column of mercury. D=136g/cm3; g=9.81m/s2; h=760mm
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Set the problem up:
P=136g/cm3 x 9.81m/s2 x 760mm; convert everything to SI; P=1.36 x 10 to the 3rd x 9.81m/s2 x .76m; perform operation; 101 x 10 to the 3rd n/m2 (how?) |
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What does 1 newton/1m2=in pascals?
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1 pascal
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What is 13.6g/cm3 in SI?
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13.6 x 10 to the 3rd kg
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So if you want to convert g to kg to make the figure SI:
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Just multiply it by 10 to the 3rd
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What is the figure used for acceleration?
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9.81m/s2. Drop from higher, will accelerate more
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Based on what we know about conversions of mmHg -> cmH2O, what does 760mmHg=in meters of H2O?
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10.3mH2O - 760(1.36) = 1033.6cmH2O, 1033.6cm=10.3 meters
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What are the units most commonly used in measuring pressure? (in practice)
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Pascal, barr, mmHg, atm, cmH2O
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What is absolute pressure?
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Absolute P = gague pressure + atmospheric pressure
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If gagre pressure is 100, what is absolute pressure?
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101 (G+atm)
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If the gague on a tank is 53 atm, what is the absolute pressure?
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54 atm
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How many microliters in 1 ml?
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1000 mcl
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What is the spread between freezing and boiling in farenheit?
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180 degrees (32 - 212)
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What is freezing in C?
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0 degrees
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What is boiling in C?
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100 degrees
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What does a degree of celcius=?
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1/100th of the difference in temperature of freezing water and boiling water at a pressure of 1atm (760mmHg)
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What is the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale?
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Kelvin
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What is going on at 0 degrees kelvin?
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Molecules are steady. There is zero energy. There is no movement of molecules
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What does 0 degrees kelvin=in celcius?
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-273.15 degrees C
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What does 0 degrees celcius=in kelvin?
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273.15 degrees kelvin
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What makes kelvin good to use?
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There is a direct relationship between degrees of kelvin and energy of gases
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What unit of temp are all gas laws based on?
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kelvin
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How does celcius units relate to kelvin units?
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They are the same - there is just a shift. Same units
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When gasses are defined by temp represented in C, what formula do we use to get c to K?
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Just add 273 to whatever the C reading is, and thats what it is in Kelvin.
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What is 30 degrees C in kelvin?
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303 Kelvin
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What is the importance of kelvin temp in gas physics?
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Kelvin temp is directly proportional to its kinetic energy. Thus, when kelvin rises 2 times it will correspond to doubling of the kinetic energy of gases
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What is the formula to conv. C -> F?
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C = (F - 32)5/9 - prob won't ask
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F -> C?
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F = C x 5/9 + 32 - prob won't ask
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There are 3 perfect gas laws, what are they? (rules)
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Volume, temperature, pressure
??? confirm this |
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What is Volume?
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Volume - volume is a 3D space, defined by container walls
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what do we have to know about Temperature with the three perfect gas laws?
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Always has to be in kelvin.
If in C, conv -> K |
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what do we have to know about pressure inthe 3 perfect gas laws?
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Pressure units are different (atm, mmHg kPa)
we will use atm (easier) |
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What will happen if you do an equation for a gas problem and do not change C to Kelvin?
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You will get wrong results
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Variables and constants in gas laws. 6 laws: law, relationship (formula), variables constant, variables changed
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name, relationship, v const, v changed;
Boyles, P1V1=P2V2 n,T P,V; Charles' V1/T1=V2/T2, n,P V,T Third P1/T1=P2/T2, n,V P,T Avagadro V1/n1=V2/n2, P,T n,V Combined P1V1/T1=P2/V2/T2, n P,V,T Ideal, P1V1/n1T1=P2V2/n2T2, - P,V,T,n |
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What are the 6 assumptions regarding gas laws?
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1. Gas molecules are extremely small compared to the distance between them (little balls jumping around);
2. Gas molecules behave in accord with classical laws of motion (Newtonian physics); 3. Gas molecule motion is random; 4. There are no attractions between gas molecules and the molecules of the container; 5. in molecule collisions, overall energy is conserved; 6. Kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to the absolute temperature |
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First gas law - Bolyle's law (a) define
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At fixed temperature the volume of a mass of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure: PXV=constant
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What is the formula for Boyles?
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P1V1=P2V2
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Universal gas constants and combined gas law. Explain with formulas:
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PV=K1, V/T=K2, P/T=K3;
Therefore, PV/T=constant. PV/T is a constant for 1 mole of any gas |
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Draw formula:
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P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
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Do practice problems
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Get list
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The second gas law, Charles law/Guy-Lussac's law. Define:
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The volume of a mass of gas at constant pressure is proportional to its absolute temperature: V/T=constant. Thus, if at a constant pressure temperature is doubled, volume will be doubled
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Draw formula for charles gas law
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V1/T1=V2/T2 or V1T2=V2T1
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Do practice problems
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Get problems from book or somewhere
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Third gas law. Define:
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At a constant volume the absolute pressure on a given gas varies directly with the absolute temperature: P/T=constant. Thus, at a constant volume a doubling of temperature will result in doubling of pressure
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Draw formula for thrid gas law
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P1/T1=P2/T2
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Do practice problems
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Get problems
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Avogadro's Law. Define
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Equal volumes of all gasses under the same conditions of pressure and temperature contain equal amounts of molecules
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Develop an understanding
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By notes (V notes, flagged green), wiki. Make another FC to go with it
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Draw formula for avagadro's:
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V1/n1=V2/n2
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Since, according to Avagadro's law, one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters, how many g are one mole of hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, isoflurane?
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H=2g; O2=32g; CO2=44g; isoflurane=184.5g (high mm)
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What is Avagadro's # again?
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1 mole contains 6.023 x 10 to the 23rd molecules
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What is a constant?
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Aka "physical constant" - it is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time
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What is a contrast to the idea of a physical constant?
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Mathematical constant - which is a fixed numerical value but does not directly involve any physical measurement
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What is a gas constant?
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It is a physical constant used in equations of state to relate various groups of state functions to one another
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What is an equation of state?
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In physics, it is a relation between state variables (any variable that represents the state of an object)
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What is a state function?
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The property of the system that depends on the current state of the system
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Ideal gas law. Draw formula explanation:
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PV=nRT
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What are P, V, n, R and T in ideal gas law?
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P=pressure; V=volume; n=number of moles; R=gas constant; T=temperature
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Draw out formula for ideal gas law:
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P1V1/n1T1=P2V2/n2T2
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What is the difference between a constant and a variable?
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Constants are fixed. Variables are not fixed
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What does Dalton's law of partial pressures state?
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In a mixture of gases the pressure exerted by each gas is the same as that it would exert if alone
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Describe universal gas constants and combined gad law
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PV=k1, V/T=k2, P/T=K3
Therefore, PV/T=constant PV/T is a constant for 1 mole of any gas |
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what is the formula for universal gas constants and combined gas law?
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P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
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