Glencoe Life Science Textbook Exam Review

Front 1

statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true consistently

Back 1

law

Front 2

an organisms ability to keep the proper conditions inside no matter what is going on outside

Back 2

homeostasis

Front 3

the idea that living things come from nonliving things

Back 3

spontaneous generation

Front 4

the theory that living things come from other living things (replaced spontaneous generation)

Back 4

biogenesis

Front 5

evolutionary history of an organism

Back 5

phlylogeny

Front 6

first and largest category used to classify organisms

Back 6

kingdom

Front 7

two-word naming system Linnaeus used to name various species (acer rubum = red maple)

Back 7

binomial nomenclature

Front 8

first word in binomial nomenclature; group of smaller species

Back 8

genus

Front 9

detailed list of characteristics with binomial nomenclature to help identify animals

Back 9

dichotomus keys

Front 10

plant-cell organelle; uses light energy to produce sugar from C02 and water

Back 10

chloroplast

Front 11

releases energy in food

Back 11

mitochondria

Front 12

sort proteins and other substances and pacakge them in vesicles to deliver to parts of cell

Back 12

golgi bodies

Front 13

store water, waste products, food, and others

Back 13

vacuoles

Front 14

garbage men of cells (break down stuff)

Back 14

lysosomes

Front 15

eyepiece lens power- 10x
objective lens power- 43x
total magnification?

Back 15

430x

Front 16

strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

Back 16

virus

Front 17

combo of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties (marbles and sand)

Back 17

mixture

Front 18

mixture where two or more substances are spread out evenly

Back 18

solution

Front 19

what's the matter? EVERYTHING!
what's matter made of?

Back 19

atoms

Front 20

something made of only one kind of atom

Back 20

element (periodic table)

Front 21

something made up of two or more elements in exact proportions

Back 21

compounds

Front 22

group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds

Back 22

molecule

Front 23

when an atom gains or loses an elctron

Back 23

ion

Front 24

ions of opposite charges attract to form...

Back 24

ionic compounds

Front 25

always contain carbon and hydrogen and are associated with living things

Back 25

organic compounds

Front 26

proteins called _______ regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells

Back 26

_______ = enzymes

Front 27

1) movement of substances through the cell membrane w/o input of energy = ?
2) movement of substances through cell membrane with input of energy = ?

Back 27

1) passive transport
2) active transport

Front 28

movement of molecules from an area where there is more to an area where there is less (passive)

Back 28

diffusion

Front 29

when molecule number in two areas is equal

Back 29

equilibrium

Front 30

1) taking substances into cell by surrounding it with cell membrane = ?
2) when contents of a vesicle are released by process of...

Back 30

1) endocytosis
2) exocytosis

Front 31

the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Back 31

metabolism

Front 32

when chemical reactions occur that break down food molecules and realse their stored energy

Back 32

respiration

Front 33

when cells do not have enough oxygen for respiration, they release some energy stored in glucose molecules in a process called...

Back 33

fermentation

Front 34

when plants use light energy to produce sugar from CO2 and water and give off oxygen

Back 34

photosynthesis

Front 35

when nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei

Back 35

mitosis

Front 36

structure in nucleus that contains hereditary material

Back 36

chromosome

Front 37

IPMAT=...
(and explain cytokinesis)

Back 37

Interphase- chromosomes duplicate
Prophase-chromatid pairs visible, spindle fibers form
Metaphase- pairs lined up in center of cell
Anaphase- chromosomes separate
Telephase- cytoplasm begins to split
Cytokenesis- when cell actually schisms = ]

Front 38

organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus copies its genetic material and then divides into 2 identical organisms

Back 38

fission

Front 39

1) when body cells have pairs of similar chromosomes
2) when sex cells do not have pairs of chromosomes (have HAlf number as body cells)

Back 39

1) diploid
2) haploid

Front 40

process that produces 4 haploid sex cells from one diploid cell; ensures offspring will have sam # of chromosomes as parents

Back 40

meiosis

Front 41

genetic material of all organisms; made up of 2 twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases

Back 41

DNA

Front 42

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins

Back 42

gene

Front 43

type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from nucleus to ribosomes

Back 43

RNA

Front 44

1) passing of traits from parent to offspring
2)study of how traits are inherited

Back 44

1) heredity
2) genetics

Front 45

Who cross-bred two pea plants and did a million other observations to study genetics?

Back 45

Mr. Gregor Mendel

Front 46

1) genotype
2) phenotype

Back 46

1) genetic makeup (TT, Tt)
2) how organism is as a result of genotype (Tall, Mixed)

Front 47

1) TT
2) Tt

Back 47

1) homozygous
2) heterozygous

Front 48

red + white = pink, not red

Back 48

incomplete dominance

Front 49

when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait

Back 49

polygenic inheritance

Front 50

methods to change the arrangement of a gene's DNA to imrpove crop production, produce medicine, and change cells normal tasks

Back 50

genetic engineering

Front 51

any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment

Back 51

adaptation

Front 52

formed when layers of sand, silt, clay, or mud are compacted and cemented together

Back 52

sedimentary rock

Front 53

1) look at the layers above and below the rock and guestimate the ages
2) comparing the amount of radioactive element w/ nonradioactive element in rock

Back 53

1) relative dating
2) radiometric dating

Front 54

gives off a steady amount of radiation as it slowly changes to a nonradioactive element

Back 54

radioactive element

Front 55

body parts similar in origina and structure are called...

Back 55

homologous

Front 56

structures that don't seem to have a function

Back 56

vestigial structures

Front 57

HOMONIDS (in order):

Back 57

1. Australopithecus
2. Homo Habilis
3. Homo Erectus
4. Homo Sapiens (Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons)

Front 58

substances in food that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair

Back 58

nutrients

Front 59

large molecules that contain carbon, hyrdorgen, ozygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Back 59

proteins

Front 60

building blocks of proteins

Back 60

amino acids

Front 61

main sources of energy for body

Back 61

carbohydrates

Front 62

nutrient that stores energy, cushions organs, and helps the body absorb vitamins

Back 62

fat

Front 63

organic nutrients needed in small amounts for growth, regulating body functions, and preventing diseases

Back 63

vitamins

Front 64

inorganic nutrients that lack carbon and regulate many chem. reactions in body

Back 64

minerals

Front 65

waves of contractions that move food through entire digestive tract

Back 65

peristalsis

Front 66

thin, watery liquid in stomach that moves into small intestine

Back 66

chyme

Front 67

most digestion takes place in...

Back 67

duodenum

Front 68

chyme enters 1) ________ and 2) ____, a greenish fluid from the liver, is added. food is absorbed in 3)_____ intestine, with many small fingerlike things called 4) _____ on the side. remaining undigested food goes on to 5)_____ intestine. excess water is absorbed, undigested material becomes more solid and is released.

Back 68

1. duodenum
2. bile
3. small
4. villi
5. large

Front 69

3 types of circulation:
1. to and from tissues of heart
2. heart. lungs. heart
3. oxygen-rich blood moves to all organs and body tissues

Back 69

1. coronary circulation
2. pulmonary circulation
3. systemic circulation

Front 70

Atherosclerosis-
Hypertension-

Back 70

clogged artery
high blood pressure

Front 71

Parts of Blood

Back 71

plasma- liquid part of blood
red blood cells- contain hemoglobin (carries O2 and CO2)
white blood cells- fight invaders
platelets- clot blood

Front 72

Universal Donor=
Universal Reciever=

Back 72

O (Brian)
AB (Emma)

Front 73

exces tissue fluid that diffues into lymphatic capillaries

Back 73

lymph

Front 74

type of white blood cell in lymph

Back 74

lymphocyte

Front 75

bean-shaped organs that filter out microorganisms and foreign materials that have been picked up by lymphocytes

Back 75

lymph nodes

Front 76

tubelike passageway for food, water, and air

Back 76

pharynx

Front 77

airway to which vocal cords are attached

Back 77

larynx

Front 78

tube lined with mucous membranes and cilia

Back 78

trachea

Front 79

two short tubes at lower end of trachea

Back 79

bronchi

Front 80

clusters of tiny, thin-walled sacs at the end of each bronchiole

Back 80

alveoli

Front 81

when alveoli in lungs enlarge

Back 81

emphysema

Front 82

when shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing occurs

Back 82

asthma

Front 83

tiny filtering units in kidneys

Back 83

nephrons

Front 84

ureters lead from 1. ______ to 2. _______ and urethra from 3. _______ to 4. _______

Back 84

1. kidney
2. bladder
3. bladder
4. outside

Front 85

thin membrane filled with clear liquid which acs as a cusion for embryo

Back 85

amniotic sac

Front 86

sorted and layered glacial deposit formed when heaviest sediments drop out first

Back 86

outwash

Front 87

zone of rapid temperature change in ocean water

Back 87

thermocline

Front 88

force caused by earth's rotation that makes earths winds and currents bend and curve

Back 88

Cariolis force

Front 89

surface current that flows in circular pattern

Back 89

gyre

Front 90

pattern of tides where there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides each day

Back 90

semidiurnal