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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A Rock
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A mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, an other materials.
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Granite is a mixture of:
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Feldspar, quartz, mica, hornblende, and other minerals
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What are some rock forming minerals?
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Quartz, Feldspar, Mica, and Calcite
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Rock Cycle
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A model created by scientists to show how rocks change through time.
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What does the rock cycle do?
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It illustrates the processes that create and change rocks.
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What are the three types of rock?
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Igneous
Metamorphic Sedimentary |
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Who discovered the rock cycle?
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James Hutton - Scottish physician & naturalist (1788)
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Igneous rocks
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Formed when hot magma cools and hardens.
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Lava
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Magma that has reached Earth's surface. Flows from volcanos.
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What is magma made of?
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Atoms and molecules of melted minerals.
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Intrusive igneous rocks
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Rocks that form by MAGMA below the Earths surface.
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Extrusive igneous rocks
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Rocks that form as LAVA cools above the Earths surface.
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Intrusive rocks - facts
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From magma - cool slowly - very large grains.
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Extrusive rocks - facts
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From lava - cool rapidly
fine grains. |
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Three types of volcanic glass.
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Pumice, obsidian, scoria.
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Volcanic glass properties
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Made from lava
Cool very quickly Few or no mineral grains Few crystals |
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Both intrusive and extrusive igneous rock can be also classsifed by:
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The type of magma that forms them.
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What are the 3 types of magma that form igneous rocks?
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Basaltic
Andesitic Granitic |
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Metamorphic rocks
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Rocks that have been changed by temperature and pressure
or the presence of hot, watery fluids. |
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Metamorphic rocks can be formed from:
A. igneous rocks B. sedimentary rocks C. other metamorphic rocks D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Metamorphic rocks is said to be foliated when:
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the mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers
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What is an example of foliated metamorphic rock?
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Slate
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Metamorphic rocks are said to be nonfoliated when:
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no layering occurs.
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What is an example of nonfoliated metamorphic rock?
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Marble
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What are the most common rocks on Earth?
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Igneous rocks
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Sedimentary rocks
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Form when sediments are pressed and cemented together.
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Weathering
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The process which breaks rocks down into smaller pieces.
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Erosion
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The movement of weathered material.
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Compaction
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One of the 2 processes which create sedimentary rock. Compaction works by pressure.
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Cementation
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One of the 2 processes which create sedimentary rock. Works by "gluing" the sediment together.
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Detrital sedimentary rock
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Rock created by cementation.
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Chemical sedimentary rocks
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Formed by minerals coming out of solution. (Like salt in the bottom of an empty glass.)
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Organic sedimentary rocks
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From fossils. (Dead organic things)
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List two common organic sedimentary rocks.
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Chalk
Coal |
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List a common chemical sedimentary rock.
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Rock salt
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Why does magma tend to rise toward the Earth's surface?
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It is less dense than the surrounding rocks.
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During metamorphism of granite into gneiss, what happens to minerals?
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They align into layers.
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Which rock has large mineral grains?
A.granite B.basalt C.obsidian D.pumice |
A.granite (intrusive)
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What do igneous rocks form from?
A. sediments B. mud C. gravel D. magma |
D. magma
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What kind of rock is marble?
A. foliated B. nonfoliated C. intrusive D. extrusive |
B. nonfoliated
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What sedimentary rock is made of large, angular pieces of sediments?
A. conglomerate B. breccia C.limestone D. chaulk |
B. breccia
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Which of the following is and example of a detrital sedimentary rock?
A. limestone B. evaporite C. breccia D. chalk |
C. breccia
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During what process are sediments pressed together?
A. cooling B. weathering C. melting D. compaction |
D. compaction
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What is molten material at the Earth's surface called?
A. limestone B. lava C. breccia D. granite |
D. lava
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Which of these is an organic sedimentary rock?
A. coquina B. sandstone C. rock salt D. conglomerate |
A. coquina
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