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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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optic nerve perfusion
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four part blood supply
- surface fiber layer: CRA prelaminar region: capillaries of short posterior arteries - laminar cribrosa: dense plexus supplied by short posterior ciliary arteries retrolaminar regioin is uspplied by both the ciliary (and pial) and retinal circulations |
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pupil diameter and visual field
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less than 3 mm causes general depression
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III4e
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I-V = object size
filter 1-4 (5 db increment filters) filter a-e (1 db increment) |
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Goldmann stimulus size
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Sizes of Stimuli (circle area) - ) [0...V scale]
Marking = Size in mm^2 0 = 1/16 square millimeter I = 1/4 II = 1 III = 4 IV = 16 V = 64 |
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Goldmann stimulus brightness
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Luminance settings
i. Expressed in units called apostilbs (candela/pi*m^2) ii. Changes are controlled in log10 unit steps (1...5 and a...e scales) a. a, b, c, d and e settings represent 0.1 log unit changes b. 1, 2, 3, 4 settings represent 0.5 log unit changes 2a - 2b - 2c - 2d - 2e - 3a - 3b - 3c - 3d - 3e - 4a - 4b .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 0.5 | 0.5 | c. Typical brightness values: 4e = 1000 asb. 3e = 315 asb. 2e = 100 asb. Note the log of the ratio of the luminances: log10(1000/315) = 0.5 log units log10(315/100) = 0.5 log units |
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Goldmann etc
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iii.Background luminance is calibrated to 31.5 asb
iv. Relationship of Size to Luminance a. Because of retinal summation and receptor sizes: 1. Increasing target area by 4 times (ie: I to II or II to III) 2. is equivalent to raising luminance by 0.5 log units b. The left to right, top to bottom diagonals represent stimuli of equal value |
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unoprostone isopropyl
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Rescula
reduces IOP by increaseing trabecular outflow |
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latanoprost and travoprost
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prodrugs that penetrate the cornea and are hydrolyzed by corneal esterase
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bimatoprost
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increases trabecular and uveoscleral outflow
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atropine and inflammation
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reduces flare by closing tight junctions
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visual field defects
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- temporal NFB defect of radiating nasal fibers
- Seidel scotoma - nasal step of Roenne - inferior altitudinal defect = fat Bjerrum - Bjerrum arcuate scotoma - isolated scotoma within Bjerrums area |
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LPI
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75% chance of attack in fellow eye
pilocarpine lowers risk to 40% but may lead to chronic angle closure |
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MMC
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streptomyces caespitosus
intercalates with DNA toxic to fibroblasts in all stages of cell cycle (intraocular causes corneal decompensation, AC inflammation, necrosis of ciliary body and iris, scleral necrosis, retinal toxicity |
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5FU
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affects S-phase
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AGIS
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ATT in AA, TAT in Caucasians
ALT failure: young, high IOP trab failure: young, high IOP, DM low IOP reduces VF deterioration increased cataracts |
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CIGTS
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collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study
gtts vs trab measured VF loss, secondary IOP, VA, quality of life VF loss same, sx initially worse but same at 4 years IOP 17 gtts, 14 trab more cataracts with sx |
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OHTS
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goal: IOP reduction by 20%
measured ON change and VF change 5 year risk of developing POAG: 4.4% with gtts, 9.5% observation predictive IOP, age, C/D ratio, CCT |
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EMGT
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ALT and betaxolol vs no tx
VF loss, ON change; secondary: risk factors 55% progressed tx reduced 25%, progression 45% vs 62% each 1mmHg reduces risk of progression by 10% |
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GLT
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ALT vs 0.5 T
ALT slightly better |
