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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activated by corneal esterases.
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travoprost, latanoprost, dipivefrin.
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23-33% IOP reduction
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prostaglandins
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exacerbates herpes, CME and uveitis
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prostaglandins
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cardioselective (B1)
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Betaxolol (Betopic S)
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removing from this drug class can exacerbate hyperthyroidism
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Beta blockers
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MG may be aggravated by this drug class
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beta blockers
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can reduce HDL and increase cholesterol levels
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topical b-blockers
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can't give if hx of asthma
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beta blockers
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inhibits cAMP in ciliary epithelium
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beta blockers
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20-50% IOP reduction
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beta blockers
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use 2-3 x / day
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CAIs, alphagan
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14-17% IOP reduction
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CAIs
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monitor K+ levels
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CAIs
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decreses aqueous formation by direct antagonist activity on ciliary epithelial carbonic anhydrease and producing a generalized acidosis.
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CAIs
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what percent ciliary epithelial enzyme must be abolised for CAIs to work?
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90%
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SE: paresthesias, loss of energy, anorexia
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CAIs
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loss of water
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CAIs
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abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, loss of libido, impotence, bad taste, mental depression, kidney stones, cross sensitivity with sulfa, aplastic anemia
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CAIs
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increase TM and uveoscleral outflow
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nonselective adrenergic agonists, Lumigan
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fast IOP reduction, but wears off in 2-6 hours
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CAIs
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IOP drop 10-20%
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nonselective adrenergic agonists
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adrenochrome deposits from oxidized metabolits in the conj, cornea and lacrimal system
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nonselective adrenergic agonists
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can cause dilation, VC, eyelid retraction
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nonselective adrenergic agonists
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allergic blephroconjunctivitis 50-60% of the time
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nonselective adrenergic agonists
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CME in aphakics and pseudophakics
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nonselective adrenergic agonists
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prevents release of norepi at nerve terminals, decreasing aqueous production as well as episcleral pressure and improves TM outflow
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apraclonidine
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used pre/post op to lower acute HOP
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apraclonidine
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decreases aqueous production and increases aqueous outflow
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alphagan
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use 2-3x/day, peak reduction of 25% in 2 hours
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alphagan
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dry mouth, caution in raynaud's, high CNS penetration
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alpha 2 selective
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caution with MAOIs and Tricyclic antidepressants
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alpha 2 agonists
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avoid in kids and Down's
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alpha 2 agonists
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18% somnolence, hypotension, seizures, apnea and neurotransmitter damage due to what drug?
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alpha 2 selective agonists
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don't give what drugs in inflamed eye?
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pilocarpine and prostaglandins
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most direct acting parasympathomimetic
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pilocarpine
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use 1 or 2% 3-4x/day or gel 1x at night
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pilocarpine
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prep pts for PI or flatten iris for laser sx
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pilocarpine
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both direct and indirect acting parasympathomimetic
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carbechol
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only indirect acting parasympathomimetic
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echothiophate iodid
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reduces IOP by contracting longitudinal ciliary m. thus pulling TM tight increasing outflow
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parasympathomimetics
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15-20% IOP reduction
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parasympathomimetics
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if pt has little TM outflow, using this type of drug can actually increase IOP
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parasympathomimetics
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possible retinal detachments, myopia/accommodation, brow ache, reduced contrast sensitivity and acuity
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parasympathomimetics
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iris pigment epithelial cysts
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parasympathomimetics
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SLUDD
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parasympathomimetics
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should be given to diabetics instead of oral glycerin
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isosobide
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can metabolize into sugar and ketone bodies causeing hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis in diabetes
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oral glycerin
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systemic increase in blood osmolarity causes water shift to occur from the vitreous, reducing IOP
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hyperosmotic agents
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headache and mental confusion
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hyperosmotic agents
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bachache, acute congestive heart failure, MI, brain hemes
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hyperosmotic agents
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