Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is normal IOP? |
15-20 mmHg and a difference of less than 8mmHg |
|
|
|
What is the enzyme in aqueous humor production ? |
Carbonic anhydrase |
|
|
|
How is aqueous outflow adjusted? |
By manipulation of the anterior extension of the longitudinal ciliary mm. |
|
|
|
What the main pathophysiology of increased IOP? |
Usually due to decreased outflow due to increased resistance at pupil or witjin iridocorneal angle |
|
|
|
State classic signs of glaucoma ? |
1. IOP >20mmHg 2. Mydriasis 3. Corneal odema 4. Scleral hyperemia 5. Trigeminal neuralgia -> blepharospasm, nictitians protrusion, epiphora |
Due to pressure on retina and endothelium and a nerve |
|
|
Signs of chronic glaucoma? |
Buphthalmia, Habb's striae, lens luxation, decreased pain signs, cataracts, cupped optic disc and retinal degeneration |
7 signs in all |
|
|
How is the drainage angle assessed? |
Via gonioscopy |
|
|
|
State a few differences between uveitis and glaucoma ? |
Uveitis exhibits normal to decreased IOP, myotic, no striae and has an aqueous flare in the anterior chamber |
|
|
|
Primary glaucoma is breed related. Give 4 examples |
Narrow angled- cocker spaniel , poodle, dash hound . Open angled in beagles |
|
|
|
List pathophysiology of glaucoma |
1. Anterior uveitis (iris-lens adhesion , peri-iris to cornea adhesion , angle closure with 360° posterior synechiae (iris bombe'/ acute angle closure glaucoma ), blockage by cells/debris 2. Anterior lens luxation in small terriers due to zonular defect 3. Neoplasia resulting in inflammation , invasion and vadogenic (fibro vascular membranes give rise to synechiae ) |
|
|
|
How would you tx a eye with an intact beb, IOP>45mmHg? |
Osmotic agents like 20%mannitol IV / 5% glycerol orally to increase plasma - eye gradient. With CA inhibitors . For quick emergency iop reduction |
|
|
|
List drugs uded to tx glaucoma |
1. CA inhibitors - 20-30% decrease in iop. SE - hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis . Methazolamide (3-5mg/kg BID), acetozolamide (10-15 mg/kg TID). Dorzolamide topical 2. Topical beta adenergic blocker - decrease production with controlling agent . 0.5% timolol maleate 1d BID or 0.5% betaxolol HCl 1d BID 3. Topical miotics - parasympathetic effect opens angle. Direct - 1-2% pilocarpine 1d BID if IOP >50. Indirect - 0.25% Demacarium bromide 1d BID. NEVER use atropine. 4. Topical mydratics - sympathetomimetic decreases production via beta but increase outflow via alpha. Must use with cholinergic miotics |
|
|
|
Give 3 sx options for glaucoma and determining factor when choosing one |
1. To increase outflow in sighted dog. Insertion of drainage tube. Fibrin plug results in failure 2. To decrease production in sighted dog. -Cyclo cryotherapy (chemosis, uveitis, retinal detachment, regeneration of ciliary body) -endocyclophotocoagulation (less complications ) -cyclodiathermy 3. Salvage for blind dogs - enucleation + intraorbital prothesis -evisceration + intrascleral prothesis -intravirteal injection with gentamycin. Phthisis bulbi possible Ccs should be used if uveitis present |
|
