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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Advantages of Glass
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-Pure
-Premium Image -Sustainable -Impermiable -Chemically Inert -Retortable -Resealable -Transparent -Preserves Taste -Tactile Feel |
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Glass Production Steps
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-Batch House
-Furnace -Forehearth -Feeder -Shearing and Delivery -Forming -Coating -Annealing |
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Components of Commerical Glass
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-Silica Sand
-Glass Former -Soda Ash -Reduces Melting Temperature -Limestone -Improves Chemical Durability -Alumina -Reduces Tendency to Devitrify -BLOOMING? |
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Cullet
- 2 types - how much does it use - benefits |
2 Types
-Plant Cullet (Internal) -Ecology Cullet (Post Consumer) -Furnaces Utilize Between 5 & 90% Cullet -Key Benefits -100% reusable -Closes the Loop -Lowers Energy Usage -Reduces Raw Material consumption |
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Gob Delivey Systems
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Forehearth
Feeder Shearing and Delivery |
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Forehearth
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Channels Glass from reiner to bottle machine
Allows glass to cool to 2100 degrees F Gravity flow |
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Feeder
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-Tube rotation mixes glass for consistent temperature
-Glass flow controlled by height of plunger & tube -Pumping action of plunger aids shearing |
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Shearing and Delivery
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Cuts the long length of material of a fixed diameter to the right length
This is the amount of materials per container Shoots move it be gravity feed to the molds to make the containers |
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Methods to make a glass container
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Blow and Blow
Press and Blow – newest technology to reduce the weight of the container by getting a consistent thin wall Narrow neck Press and Blow [Wide neck] |
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What is a parison
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TWO MOLDS ARE NECESSARY TO MAKE ONE BOTTLE.
BLANK – GOB DROPS INTO THE BLANK MOLD AND FORMS THE FINISH OF THE BOTTLE AND A TEST TUBE LIKE BODY TO THE BOTTLE. THIS IS CALLED A PARISON. THEN THE PARISON IS MOVED TO THE MOULD OR SECOND STEP. MOLD – THE PARISON IS BLOWN OUT TO FORM THE BODY OF THE CONTAINER. |
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Defects of glass
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Stones – irregularly shaped pieces of refractory materials or unmelted batch which are contained in melted glass and then formed into a container.
Seeds – bubbles of gas formed in the glass during the melting process. Almost all glass has seeds. The problem is when there is too many and the size gets too big. Blisters – blisters are large seeds Hard blisters – contained well within the glass wall. Like a seed, it is a appearance defect. Soft blister – blister close to the surface. It is dangerous defect due to the fact that it can be broken Swung Blank Seam Swung Baffle Seam |
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Closure Application
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Screw-On: Screw caps or lug caps
Push-On: Corks or flanged stoppers Crimp: Skirt of cap is squeezed under neck ring Roll-On: Threads in skirt of cap are formed to match the glass threads |
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Color Glass
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PURPOSES:
DECORATION REDUCE LIGHT WHAT IS FLINT COLOR? NO COLOR ADDITIVE |
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two methods to color glass
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Tank
Frit |
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color info
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LIGHT SENSITIVE PRODUCTS MAY REQUIRE A RED OR AMBER GLASS COLOR TO PROTECT PRODUCT – 80%
OPAL COLOR IS 100% PROTECTIVE OTHER METHODS: SHRINK LABEL, FOLDING CARTON, ETC. |
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blue and other colored glass
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Blue (Cobalt Oxide)
Very Powerful Colorant Smoke (Nickel) Turquoise (Copper) Peach (Selenium) Purple (Manganese) |
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3 types of Glass
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Type I – Pharmaceutical applications
Borosilicate/ stringent extractables Type II-soda lime/treated in annealing oven to reduce in alkali soluabiltiy Type III – Conventional soda lime glass Tested for specific extractable levels |
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Applied cermaic label
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Applied Ceramic Label
Enamel applied to glass through silk screening Enamel is baked at 500 to 600oC Fused to become an integral part of glass surface Lowers surface strength |
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Paper or Foil label
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Paper or Foil Labels
Applied to glass surface with adhesives Frequently used for beer and food products Provides limited surface protection |
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Shrink wrap label
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Shrink Wrap
Encapsulating sleeve Conforms to bottle shape Provides additional surface protection |
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Acid etching label
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Acid etching
Frosted appearance Hydrofluoric acid Compatible with other labels Lowers surface strength |
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Decorating
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AFTER GLASS HAS BEEN MADE A VARIETY OF TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED. SPRAY PAINT/COATINGS, PLASTIC SHIELDS, 360 PVC or PET SHRINK LABELS, ETC.
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Batch house
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Raw material storage
Weighs material Mixes material into batches Sends to furnace |
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Furnace
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Melts raw material at 2800°F
Capacity = 350 tons Depth = 60“ Life = 10 -14 years Rebuild cost = $8-10mm Gas cost -$300,000/mo |
