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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cirque |
A steep, amphitheatre-shaped hollow occurring at the upper end of a mountain valley, especially one forming the head of a glacier or stream. - formed by the erosive activity of glaciers. - concave, circular basins carved by the base of a glacier as it erodes the landscape. |
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horn |
results when glaciers erode three or more arêtes, usually forming a sharp-edged peak. |
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arete |
a thin, crest of rock left after two adjacent glaciers have worn a steep ridge into the rock. |
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u shaped valley |
a steep-sided valley caused by glacial erosion |
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striations |
One of several, long, straight, parallel lines or grooves in a bedrock surface, formed by boulders, gravel, and pebbles embedded in a glacier that has passed over the surface |
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outwash plain |
a plain formed of glacial sediments deposited by meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier. |
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lateral |
layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous |
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terminal medial |
a moraine deposited at the point of furthest advance of a glacier or ice sheet |
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recessional moraine |
series of transverse ridges running across a valley behind a terminal moraine
reside between the lateral moraines |
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zone of accumulation |
part of a glacier where the mean annual gain of ice, firn, and snow is greater than the mean annual loss |
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glacial erratic |
a boulder transported and deposited by a glacier having a lithology different than the bedrock upon which it is sitting. Erratics are useful indicators of patterns of former ice flow.
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hanging valley |
a tributary valley that is higher than the main valley. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume.
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crevasse |
A deep fissure in a glacier or other body of ice. |
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earthquake impacts |
social |
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mid ocean ridge |
an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. |
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ring of fire |
high volcanic activity |
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destructive plate margin |
convergent can happen with 2 oceanic, two continental or one oceanic one continental |
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destructive- two oceanic |
CONVERGENT
plate subducts under the less dense plate more crust goes into the mantle causing active volcanoes Earthquakes, volcanoes, island arcs Mt Fiji |
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d- two continental |
CONVERGENT
little to no subduction causes crust to fold Earthquakes, mountains Himalayas, Alps |
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d- one oceanic and one continental |
CONVERGENT Oceanic plate subducts under the less dense continental plateEarthquakes, volcanoes, fold mountains are created Oceanic plate melts into the mantle (compression) Andes mnts |
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constructive plate margin |
divergent
2 oceanic or 2 continental |
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constructive two oceanic |
DIVERGENT
ocean ridges creating more oceanic crust creates tallest mountains in the world (tension) earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes Mid atlantic ridge |
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c- two continental |
DIVERGENT
creates: rift valleys, new continental crust land sinks and falls away Earthquakes, volcanoes Fji plate (tension) |
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continental drift |
theory of Alfred Wegener that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drifts atop of a liquid core |
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evidence for continental drift |
Fossil Evidence, Shape of Continents, Matching rock |
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plate tectonics |
a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. |
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sea floor spreading |
the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
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age of oldest rocks |
4 bya
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glacier |
a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. |
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what is happening to global ice sheets |
they are shrinking |
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whats caused ice ages and periods of warming |
shifts in Earth's orbit |
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what makes glaciers blue |
blue basal ice has had air bubbles squeezed out |
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what is the timeline for the mountain glaciers to disappear |
50 to 100 years |
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what is the term for earth's ice |
cryosphere |
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glacial ice percentages |
snowflakes: 90% granular snow: 50% air firn: 20-20% glacier ice less than 20% air as bubbles |
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till |
unsorted material that is deposited directly by ice |
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moraine |
accumulation of rock debris carried or deposited by a glacier
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terminal moraine |
a moraine deposited at the point of furthest advance of a glacier or ice sheet |
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glacier moves under the influence of its own weight and... |
gravity
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glaciers store how much of the world's fresh water supply |
75%
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if all the global supply of land ice in glaciers melted, then how far up would the sea level rise |
70 meters |
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glaciers that are confine to valleys are |
alpine or valley glaciers
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glaciers that cover more than 50km are called |
ice sheets |
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snowflakes are.... |
ice crystals
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a line marking the highest point at which glaciers winter snow cover is lost during a given season is called the |
snow line
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what is the term for holes in glaciers through which water drains |
moulins |
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social impacts |
short term: deaths, injuries, homes destroyed, transport and communication links disrupted, water supplies contaminated long term: disease, rehoused- refugee camps |
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economic impacts |
short term: shops and businesses destroyed, looting, trade is difficult long term: cost of rebuilding, income could be lost |
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environmental impacts |
short term: landscapes destroyed, fires, landslides, tsunamis long term: important natural and human landmarks may be lost |
