Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DOC for roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, pinworms?
|
Albendazole, mebendazole
|
|
|
What is the albendazole dose adjustment for pts <2 y/o?
MOA for albendazole? SE's? |
1/2 dose
b-tubulin binding eventual immobilization of worm and death GI - loose stools, N/V |
|
|
MOA of diethylcarbamazine?
Why is this drug not used very often? SE's? Unique rxn in onchocercosis? |
kills organelles, apoptosis
poor tissue penetration Mazotti's - systemic rxn, rash |
|
|
MOA of ivermectin?
Indications? (2) |
hypolarization --> tonic paralysis
onchocercosis, threadworm |
|
|
MOA of pyrantel pamoate?
co-DOC with what drug for pinworms? Uses? |
depolarizing NM blocker causing muscle contraction until paralysis due to inhibition of cholinesterases
albendazole DOC for roundworm in pregnancy alternative for hookworm |
|
|
Name the two buckets for anti-helmintics and the names of the drugs
|
1. Benzimidazoles- "bendazole," MAT... Mebendazole, Albendazole, Thiabendazole
2. Miscellaneous- "PIP"- praziquantel, ivermectin, pyrantel pamoate, |
|
|
DOC for Onchocercosis? (onchocerca volvulus)
|
onchocercosis: Ivermectin
|
|
|
DOC for beef/pork tapeworms?
|
beef/pork: praziquantel
|
|
|
What if you need better tissue penetration?
|
albendazole
|
|
|
MOA of praziquantel?
Indications? |
praziquantel - increased cellular permeability, loss of intracellular Ca++
Cestodes (tapeworms), blood flukes (trematodes) |
|
|
Which bendzimidazole is the most selected due to being more effect?
Which is limited by toxicity? |
Albendazole
- Thaibendazole more toxic |
|
|
MOA of praziquantel
|
Increases cell membrane permeability
resulting in loss of intracellular calcium, massive contractions, and ending in paralysis of musculature |
|
|
What are the Anti-protozoals?
|
Paromomycin
Metronidazole & Tinidazole Atovaquone – Proguanil Mefloquine & Chloroquine Quinine Pyrimethamine |
|
|
Paromomycin
Family MOA |
aminoglycoside
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis‐irreversible binding to the 30‐S ribosomal subunit |
|
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl) & Tinidazole
(Tindamax) MOA SE- |
MOA- Believed to serve as a pro‐drug; activated by electron transfer process creating nitro‐radicals which disrupts DNA, killing the organism
SE- Metallic taste! Similar to alcohol‐withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
This drug selectively interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and ATP/pyrimidine biosynthesis
This drug selectively inhibits the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase‐thymidylate synthetase enzyme of plasmodia resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and depletion of folate cofactors |
– Atovaquone
– Proguanil |
|
|
This drug taken up by digestive vacuoles of parasite resulting in increased pH and dysregulation of nucleic acid synthesis and/or phospholipid metabolism
– May interfere with lysosomal degradation of hemoglobulin |
Mefloquine (Lariam) & Chloroquine
(Aralen) |
|
|
An alkaloid occurring naturally in the bark of the cinchona tree
• |
Quinine
|
|
|
This drug believed to elevate pH of parasitic vesicles
– May upset molecular transport and phospholipase activity – Concentrates in the parasitized erythrocytes |
quinine
|
|
|
This drug binds to and inhibits activity of dihydrofolate reductase
• 10‐fold more activity than trimethoprim (TMP/SMZ) yet less than methotrexate and trimetrexate This drug competes for PABA for folic synthesis |
Pyrimethamine‐
Sulfadoxine (Fansidar) |
|
|
DOC for entamoeba histolytica which causes what?
|
Metronidazole
worm causes Amebiasis |
|
|
DOC Hookworm– Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus
|
Albendazole or Mebendazole
|
|
|
DOC Roundworm – Ascaris lumbricoides
|
• Albendazole or Mebendazole
|
|
|
DOC Babesiosis – Babesia microti
|
• Atovaquone + azithromycin
|
|
|
DOC Pinworm – Enterobius vermicularis
|
Mebendazole
|
|
|
DOC for tape worms (adult forms)
|
Praziquantel
|
|
|
DOC for tape worms (larval forms)
|
Albendazole
|
|
|
DOC Leishmaniasis
|
Amphotericin B
|
|
|
DOC Malaria
|
Chloroquine
|
|
|
DOC Giardiasis
|
Metronidazole
|
|
|
DOC Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
|
praziquantel
|
|
|
DOC Threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis)
|
Ivermectin
|
|
|
DOC Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
|
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
|
|
|
DOC Trichinellosis trichinella spiralis
|
Albendazole
|
|
|
DOC Whipworm (trichuris trichiura)
|
Mebendazole
|
|
|
DOC Trichomoniasis – Trichomonas vaginalis
|
Metronidazole
|
|
|
Drug name Atovaquone & Proguanil used first for?
|
Atovaquone & Proguanil
– Babesiosis |
|
|
Drug Chloroquine used first for?
|
malaria
|
|
|
Druge Permethrin used first for?
|
Lice/Scabies (topical)
|
|
|
Drug Pyrimethamine & Sulfadiazine DOC for?
|
toxoplasmosis
|
|
|
Drug Ivermectin
|
Strongyloidiasis, Threadworm (oral), Onchocerciasis (River Blindness), Lice Scabies (oral)
|
|
|
Drug Paromomycin used for?
|
Leishmaniasis
|
|
|
Drug Metronidazole/Tinidazole
|
Trichomnas, Giardiasis, Amebiasis
|
|
|
Praziquantel Drug used for?
|
Schistosomiasis
Tapeworm adult) – Flukes |
|
|
Drug Albendazole
|
Hookworm, Roundworm, Tapeworm, Microsporidiosis, Trichinellosis, Visceral Larva Migrans
|
|
|
Drug Mebendazole
|
Pinworm, Whipworm
|
