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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes amoebic dysentery?
Most common dissemination? S/S of acute and chronic? What stage is often ingested? |
Entamoeba histolytica
Liver abscess acute: dysentery, abd pain, mucosal necrosis chronic: acute S/S, + quadrinucleate cysts in feces cysts |
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E. histolytica:
Characteristic histology finding? Diagnostic requirement? Treatment? |
NO cysts, trophozoites + RBC's
3 stool tests - trophozoites + RBC's mild: iodoquinol,paromomycin moderate: Met, tinidazole Severe/extraintestinal: *Met*, dehydroemetine |
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Giardiasis:
Organism? Prevalence is high with _________. Acute S/S? Treatment? |
Giardia intestinalis- "beaver fever"- not "Beiber fever" man if i ever saw t aht kid i would just punch him
poor water sanitation explosive diarrhea, abd pain, smelly farts, greasy stools DOC is Metronidazole, Oral rehydration |
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Spore forming protozoa: *SPORE IN NAME*
Organisms? S/S? Transmission? Who is mostly affected? |
Cryptosporidium, Isospora/Cyclospora, Microsporidia
S/S: acute diarrhea in normal, chronic in immunocompromised Transmission: fecal-oral Usually affects immunocompromised - well hydrated "Flagyl"- metronidazole |
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Cryptosporidiosis:
Infects what hosts? S/S of Isospora and Cyclospora? Lab Dx for these organisms? Tx for C. parvum? Iso/Cyclo? |
Crypto - cattle, livestock, *dogs*
Iso/Cyclo S/S: flu-like symptoms Lab Dx: modified acid-fast stain Tx for C. parvum: none, need to maintain immunity Tx for Iso/Cyclo: Bactrim |
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Most common human helminthic infection?
Route of infection? Manifestations? DOC for Ascaris? |
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ingestion, penetrate alveolar wall, ascend bronchi --> throat, swallowed appendicitis, eosinophilic pneumonitis (Loeffler's Syndrome) Albendazole |
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Hookworm found in US?
Route of infection? S/S? DOC? |
Necator americanus
filariform larva --> skin --> lungs --> swallowed --> intestine --> maturation, eggs in feces +anemia, malnutrition, edema DOC: infants - pyrantel pamoate, adults - meben/alben |
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Which helminth completes its entire life cycle in humans?
(Strong with the force this one is) Two life cycles? S/S? DOC? |
Strongyloides stercoralis
Free-living - fecal oral Parasitic - skin --> lungs --> throat --> swallowed S/S: ground itch, pneumonitis, ulcers DOC: albendazole, ivermectin |
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Whipworm:
2nd most common US whipworm? Route of infection? Egg shape? DOC? |
Trichuris trichiura
fecal-oral Egg: barrel shape, 2 polar plugs DOC: mebendazole, albendazole |
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Pinworms:
Organism? Why is this worm's habitat unique? Route of infection? Dx? (Got any tape)? DOC? |
Enterobius vermicularis
common in temperate regions, NOT TROPICAL ROI: eggs hatch in perianal region, larva into GI tract Dx: tape on ass, find eggs DOC: albendazole |
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Roundworms: (pets)
Commonly found in what animals? Usually affects what organ? Tx? Prevention? |
Dogs, cats
eye is usually affected (toxocara) Tx: Albendazole, mebendazole Prevention: treat pets, cover sandboxes, cook crustaceans well |
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Trematodes - Flatworms
3 Schistosomiasis species? Where are they found? Larval stage in what animals? What organs do they like? DOC? |
mansoni - S. America, Arabia, Africa
haemotobium - Africa, India japonicum - Asia fresh water snails M - liver portal system, H - bladder, K - sup. mesenteric veins DOC - Praziquantel |
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Tapeworms:
Host for: T. solium, T saginata, D. latum: body structure? Route of infection? S/S? DOC? |
T. solium: pigs
T. saginata: cattle D. latum: fish scolex, proglottids + eggs ROI: under-cooked meat S/S: usually none, sometimes appendicitis, B12 deficiency DOC: Praziquantel |
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Echinococcus:
Unique about life cycle? Characteristic manifestation? |
Humans aren't really involved in life cycle, but can ingest the adult organism and be infected
Hydatid cysts |
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Balantidiosis:
Organism? Route of infection? What animal has 20-100% prevalence? |
Balantidium coli
ingestion of cysts Pigs |
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What helminth can migrate to your CNS and cause calcified cysts?
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Cysticercosis-brain
caused by T. solium |
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Pt. comes in to the clinic after he went crazy and ate his dog's poo about 15 years ago and felt he should confess... you feel a mass on his liver. turns out he's got them all over his liver... Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Echinococcus granulosus (hydatidosis)
Tx: surgical removal of hydatid cysts, give Praziquantel w/ albendazole or meb) |
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Pt. presents w/ severe bloody diarrhea and RUQ pain after coming back from swimming tour in third-world countries. Stool sample reveals cysts w/ 4 nuclei and trophozoites containing RBC's. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: E. histolytica (amebiasis)
Tx: Metronidazole followed by paromomycin |
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Pt. presents w/ foul-smelling EXPLOSIVE diarrhea, bloating. Hx reveals he went hiking a week ago and drank from the beautiful streams. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Giardiasis
Tx: Metronidazole or Tinidazole |
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Immunocompromised Pt. presents w/ severe watery diarrhea after visiting a local farm to pet the animals. Stool sample reveals cysts on acid-fast stain. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: cryptosporidium
Tx: symptomatic |
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Pt. presents w/ appendicitis and eosinophilic pneumonitis. They got back from a tropical year-long trip. Stool sample reveals ovoid eggs. Nothing else remarkable. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Ascaris lumbricoides
Tx: Albendazole or Mebendazole |
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8-yr-old female presents w/ diarrhea, wt loss, anemia, distended abdomen, and itchy rash on planter surface of L foot. Stool sample reveals some eggs. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Hookworm (Necator americanus)... be careful as larvae look like strongyloides
Tx: Albendazole or Mebendazole |
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Pt. presents w/ steatorrhea, vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, skin lesion on foot. Stool sample was negative, but enterotest (string test) was positive. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Strongyloides stercoralis
Tx: Ivermectin po |
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10-yr-old male presents w/ slightly bloody diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, tenesmus, and rectal prolapse. Stool sample reveals barrel-shaped eggs. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: whipworm (trichuris trichuria)
Tx: Mebendazole |
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7-yr-old male presents w/ "my booty itch at night". You pull out the scotch tape b/c you suspect what? Tx?
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Dx: Pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)
Tx: Mebendazole |
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Little child presents w/ unilateral cataracts and retinitis. He enjoys playing w/ "scruffy the dog" all day everyday during the summer and sharing food with him. Found some eggs in the stool. Dx? Tx?
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Dx: Toxocara canis (or cati)
Tx: Albendazole or Mebendazole |
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Which Schistosoma species lives in your venous plexuses of the bladder?
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S. hematobium
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Which schistosoma species lives in your portal system of the liver and small venules of the colon and lower ileum?
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S. mansoni
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Which schistosoma species lives in your superior mesenteric veins draining the SI?
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japonicum
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Pt. presents w/ inflammation of spleen and liver, fever, chills, abd pain. He just got back from spending a year in the carribean. Stool revealed eggs w/ an obliquely oriented "tail." Dx? Tx?
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Dx: schistosomiasis (mansoni)
Tx: Praziquantel |
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Carrier state common in tropical countries often without disease
• Causes dysentery and GI bleeding in susceptible hosts • May mimic GI carcinoma -perforate mucosa and disseminate widely |
Entamoeba histolytica
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This is mostly found in the SE US and can penetrate the foot. How much blood does it drink?
What positive can we come up with on these? What sign may we see in myocardium? |
hookworm - Necator Americanus
- drinks .2ml of blood causes anemia - secrete anticoagulant and do not reproduce inside - "tiger stripes" in myocardium |
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What is the flag sign in hair and what bug is it associated with?
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- due to anemia possibly caused by necator Americanus (hook worm)
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What type of worm do you do the "scotch tape" test for?
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Pinworm (enterobius vermicularis)
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most common cause of epileptic seizures from people that come from tropics
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cysticercosis
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"Beaver Fever" with severe non‐invasive diarrhea after drinking water fresh from rocky mountain stream
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Giardia lamblia
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Larvae hatch in the gut, then migrate through tissue to the lung – are swallowed, then mature in the gut
• Eggs are passed through in the feces, where they may infect another human via fecal‐oral contamination |
Ascaris lumbricoides- intestinal round worms
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larvae hatch in small intestine and make way into the cecum where they live as adults which may cause anal- prolapse
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Whipworm – Trichuris trichiuria
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Brain cysts and seizures think...
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taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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Liver cysts think
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echinococcus granulosus
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Portal hypertension thinking (parasite)
hematuria, bladder cancer |
schistosoma mansoni
schistosoma haematobium |
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Microcytic anemia
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necator americanus
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Perianal pruritus
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enterobius
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Name the three parasites that migrate to lungs are coughed up and swallowed into the GI to grow to adults...
How does each of the three cause problems? Diagnosed? |
1. Ascaris lumbricoides (egg/eosinophils in feces)- eggs injected
2. Necator Americanus (eggs eosinophil in feces)- larvae penetrate skin 3. Strongyloides stercorous (filiarform passed)- larvae penetrate skin |
